[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1460652.].
Copyright © 2025 Frontiers Editorial Office.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;16():1575593.
Retraction: Mendelian randomization based on immune cells in diabetic nephropathy.

The engineering of IoT systems brings about various challenges due to the inherent complexities associated with such heterogeneous systems. In this paper, we propose a library of statechart templates, STL4IoT, for designing complex IoT systems. We have developed atomic statechart components modeling the heterogeneous aspects of IoT systems including sensors, actuators, physical entities, network, and controller. Base system units for smart systems have also been designed. A component for calculating power usage is available in the library. In addition, a smart hub template that controls interactions among multiple IoT systems and manages power consumption has also been proposed. The templates aim to facilitate the modeling and simulation of IoT systems. Our work is demonstrated with a smart home system consisting of a smart hub of lights, a smart microwave, a smart TV, and a smart fire alarm system. We have created a multi statechart with Itemis CREATE based on the proposed templates and components. A smart home simulator has been developed by generating controller code from the statechart and integrating it with a user interface.
Department of Computer Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada.
STL4IoT: a statechart template library for IoT system design.

Independent Researcher, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Faculty of Arts, Cultures and Education, School of Education, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.
Prison categorization policy in the United Kingdom.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1293640.].
Copyright © 2025 Kaushik, Dąbrowski, Gessa, Kumar and Fernandes.
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Corrigendum: Two-photon excitation fluorescence in ophthalmology: safety and improved imaging for functional diagnostics.

Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2025-03;9(3):ytaf070.
Ebstein's anomaly with atrial septal defect, right ventricular apical hypoplasia, and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries.

Department of Health Behavior, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)
Psychedelic Med (New Rochelle). 2023-03;1(1):1.
Editors' Introduction to Psychedelic Medicine.

Psychedelic Med (New Rochelle). 2023-03;1(1):i.

Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Center of Addiction Research and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, and Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Psychedelic Med (New Rochelle). 2023-03;1(1):2-11.
Past, Present, and Future of Psychedelics: A Psychedelic Medicine Roundtable Discussion.

Medical Education, Education Office, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.Child Development Unit, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Medical Education, Education Office, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
A Response to the Article 'Exploring Implementation of Reasonable Adjustments in Hospitals for People With Intellectual Disability: Using a Realist Lens'.

The retrodural space of Okada (RSO) is a potential space located posterior to the ligamentum flavum. It can complicate epidural injections owing to its communication with the epidural space and facet joints. The purpose of this study was to clarify the anatomical structures of the cervical RSO and adjacent ligamentous tissues in cadavers. Cervical spine specimens from 15 embalmed cadavers were used for serial sectional dissection, histological verification, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. Micro-CT images of the RSO were acquired after phosphotungstic acid preparation at the C5-7 levels. The RSO was examined meticulously on the basis of its three-dimensional (3D) topography. The 3D shape of the cervical RSO was successfully visualized using micro-CT imaging reconstruction. It had clear anatomical communications with the epidural space, facet joints, and interspinous space. Histological examination confirmed the presence of loose connective tissue within the RSO, which probably facilitates these communications. This cadaveric study demonstrated the 3D shape of the cervical RSO and its communications with adjacent anatomical structures. Further clinical studies are needed to explore the potential implications of these findings for cervical epidural injections.
© 2025 American Association of Clinical Anatomists and British Association of Clinical Anatomists.
Department of Anatomy, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea.Translational Research Unit for Anatomy and Analgesia, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Translational Research Unit for Anatomy and Analgesia, Seoul, Republic of Korea.Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Translational Research Unit for Anatomy and Analgesia, Seoul, Republic of Korea.Translational Laboratory for Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Anatomical Study of the Retrodural Space of Okada in the Cervical Region: 3D Micro-CT Findings.

Calenduloside E (CE), also known as a triterpenoid saponin, has demonstrated diverse biological activities. This paper investigates the chemical synthesis of CE, focusing on the key step of glucuronidation of oleanolic acid benzylate. Among trichloroacetimidate, bromide, and thioglucuronide as glucuronyl donors, trichloroacetimidate proved most effective, with scandium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate identified as the optimal promoter. Notably, CE exhibited significant activity against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (ATCC14053), with an MIC80 of 5.5 µg/ml. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that the combination of CE and FLC significantly inhibits the proliferation of C. albicans hyphae, biofilm formation, and cell membrane function.
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
Journal of Asian natural products research
Synthesis and evaluation of Calenduloside E against drug-resistant Candida albicans.

To describe how the Fundamentals of Care framework was applied within a postgraduate nursing programme facilitated by a pedagogical project for educators.A discursive paper approach was used.The paper draws on the authors' experiences from a pedagogical project that included a book circle, an education retreat, and a mini-conference and identified learning activities applied in the programme.The Fundamentals of Care framework was integrated into learning activities, such as assignments, seminars, and exams, within a diversity of specialties: anaesthesia, intensive care, emergency care, operation theatre, psychiatric care, prehospital care, and surgical care. In this paper, we provide an overview and examples of how the learning activities were applied.This pedagogical project in a post-graduate nursing programme illustrated that the Fundamentals of Care framework is applicable to learning activities in education at the post-graduate level. Application of the framework at the post-graduate level could facilitate students' understanding of the importance of fundamental care for patients with complex care needs requiring advanced nursing interventions. It can also help students understand how to use theory in clinical practice. However, further research could focus on conducting interviews with students to understand their experiences and whether their views on nursing have changed.
© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Advanced Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Department of Surgical Sciences, Nursing Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Medical Sciences/Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Medical Sciences/Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
The Fundamentals of Care Framework: Application Within a Post-Graduate Nursing Programme Facilitated by a Pedagogical Project for Educators.

Hoopicoach is a digital health tool designed to support patients throughout all stages of gynecologic surgery, including pre-, intra-, and postoperative phases. It offers a personalized care pathway based on the type of surgery, providing reliable medical information through easily understandable content, diagrams, a chatbot, and videos produced by medical staff. The present study aimed to evaluate patient and caregiver usage and satisfaction with Hoopicoach, focusing on frequency of use, satisfaction, stress management, and patient understanding of surgery. Additionally, the study assessed the tool's value for healthcare professionals.A pilot, observational, descriptive, single-center cohort study was conducted in a gynecologic and breast cancer surgery department from September 2020 to May 2022. The referring surgeon offered Hoopicoach to all patients scheduled for applicable surgeries. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by patients and caregivers.A total of 79 patients participated, primarily aged 40-65 years, with most usage occurring before surgery, particularly among those undergoing partial mastectomies. High satisfaction was reported, with 93.7% willing to recommend Hoopicoach. A total of 89% rated their understanding of surgery as 4 or 5 (on a 5-point scale), and 80% felt all their questions were answered. Frequent use correlated with reduced stress, though was not statistically significant. Among 16 caregivers, 94% found Hoopicoach helpful for informing patients, and 87% believed it enhanced care quality.Hoopicoach effectively supports patients throughout their surgical journey in gynecology, with high satisfaction reported by both patients and caregivers.
© 2025 The Author(s). International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.
Gynecologic and Breast Oncologic Surgery Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France.INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université de Paris, Center Universitaire Des Saint-Père, Paris, France.
Gynecologic and Breast Oncologic Surgery Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
INSERM UMR-S 1147, Université de Paris, Center de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
Gynecologic and Breast Oncologic Surgery Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France.INSERM UMR-S 1147, Université de Paris, Center de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France.Inserm, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Center de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Information Sciences to Support Personalized Medicine, Paris, France.Inria Paris, Paris, France.Department of Medical Informatics, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
Evaluating the impact of Hoopicoach: A digital health tool for supporting patients through gynecologic surgery.

The effects of using handheld devices in combination with filtering and delaying alarms were investigated. Effects on the number of alarms, patient safety, and nurses' experience were evaluated.Alarm and physiological trend data were collected over two periods of three months for a control (n = 54) and intervention (n = 47) group. During the intervention period, an adapted alarm architecture, filtering and delaying alarms, was implemented, and the number of alarms, critical cardiorespiratory events, and episodes of decreased oxygen saturation and heart rate were compared to the contemporary alarm architecture. Nurses filled out a survey on their experiences.The adapted alarm architecture reduced the number of alarms by 84%. This reduction did not result in significant differences in the number of critical events. Additionally, the duration and depth of the patient's episodes of mildly decreased oxygen saturation and heart rate were unaffected. Nurses reported that they continue to receive too many alarms and occasionally miss alarms.Alarms can be filtered and delayed, reducing the number of alarms and preventing alarm fatigue. Patient safety is not at risk since the number of critical events and the decreases in oxygen saturation and heart rate do not differ significantly between the groups.
© 2025 The Author(s). Acta Paediatrica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation Acta Paediatrica.
Department of Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Department of Information and (Medical) Technology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Department of Information and (Medical) Technology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
Department of Information and (Medical) Technology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Adult Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
The Physiological Effects of an Adjusted Alarm Architecture on a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

To investigate complications and survival following surgical resection for pancreatic cancer with arterial encasement.Surgery for pancreatic cancer with extensive involvement (encasement) of the major visceral arteries remains a topic of debate due to concerns regarding morbidity, mortality, and uncertain oncological benefit.Pancreatic cancer patients with arterial encasement of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), the hepatic artery (HA), and/or the celiac artery (CA) at baseline imaging who underwent resection after neoadjuvant therapy at the University of Colorado Hospital between January 2017 and September 2023 were included. Surgical and oncological outcomes were evaluated.Of the 61 patients who underwent resection, arterial encasement was diagnosed at SMA in 20 (33%), HA in 14 (23%), CA in four (6.6%), replaced HA in one (1.6%), and two or more arteries in 22 (36%). Arterial resection was performed in 14 patients (23%) and arterial divestment was performed in 47 patients (77%). Major morbidity rate (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3) was 21.3% and 90-day mortality rate was 4.9%. R0 resection rate was 70.5%. Median overall survival (OS) after surgery was 21.2 months with 5-year survival rate of 22.1%. Patients with pathological node-negative disease exhibited a longer median OS (29.1 vs. 16.6 mo, P=0.004), and a higher 5-year survival rate of 37.8% vs. 7.4%.Even in pancreatic cancer patients with arterial encasement, surgery following NAT can be performed safely and offer long-term survival. The development of preoperatively assessable biomarkers for chemotherapy response and regional nodal metastasis is necessary to improve patient selection.
Copyright © 2025 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Surgery for Borderline Resectable and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer with Arterial Encasement after Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Single-center Experience.

Department of Early Childhood Education, Shaoxing Vocational & Technical College, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China.
Department of Pediatrics, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2025-03;36(3):e70055.

Our aim was to assess changes in causes, surgical treatments, and outcomes of Acquired non-malignant tracheoesophageal fistula (ANM-TEF) over 40 years of experience.ANM-TEF are rare but life-threatening disease. Their management are not well established.We included the 90 consecutive patients who underwent surgical ANM-TEF repair at our institution between 1981 and 2022. We compared the 48 patients managed in 1981-2007 to the 42 patients managed in 2008-2022.Intubation was the cause in 44/48 (91.7%) and 9/42 (21.4%) patients in the early and recent periods (P=10-12). Emerging causes in the recent period were laryngeal cancer treatment (33.3%) and esophageal procedures (40.5%). In 1981-2007, the main surgical technique was direct esophageal suturing and tracheal repair (N=19), followed by tracheal resection-reconstruction (N=16); Pearson's technique was used for laryngotracheal fistulas (N=5). Fasciocutaneous perforator flaps were more often required after laryngeal or esophageal procedures, due to blood-supply compromise (1/48 [2.1%] and 23/42 [66.7%] in the early and recent periods, respectively; P=10-9). In the recent period, 6 patients required cervical esophagostomy and delayed jejunal free-flap reconstruction. Overall, day-90 mortality was 13.3%, with no significant between-group difference; fistula closure was initially successful in 78 (86.6%) patients; and the main postoperative complications were recurrent nerve palsy (22%), recurrent fistula (18%), tracheal stenosis (10%), and dysphagia (7%).Laryngeal and esophageal surgery has superseded intubation as the main cause of ANM-TEF. Despite the worse local tissue damage, outcomes remain unchanged, thanks to new surgical techniques including fasciocutaneous flap reconstruction.
Department of Thoracic Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Université Paris-Saclay, 133 Avenue de la Résistance, 92350, Le Plessis Robinson, France.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France.
Acquired Nonmalignant Tracheoesophageal Fistula: Changing Causes and Surgical Methods Over 40 Years.

This study evaluated the psychometric feature of the Persian version of the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (P-FSMC) in Iranian People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS).In this cross-sectional study, 303 PwMS and 102 healthy controls participated. Structural validity was explored using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Construct validity was determined through correlations of P-FSMC with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), besides expected differences in P-FSMC scores and by examining score variations based on disability and depression levels. Fatigue discrimination and diagnostic accuracy between PwMS and healthy controls were evaluated.The P-FSMC demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability and high internal consistency. EFA revealed two factors explaining 70.08% of the variance, with good fit model. The P-FSMC showed moderate to high correlations with FSS and FIS and distinguished different levels of disability and depression. The total score discriminated fatigue with 86.7% accuracy, 84.5% sensitivity, and 93.1% specificity. Cut-off scores for mild, moderate, and severe fatigue severity were ≥46, ≥56, and ≥66, respectively, with high sensitivity (81.52-91.42%) and specificity (80.02-99.01%).The P-FSMC is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing fatigue in Iranian PwMS.
Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Geriatric Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Regenerative Medicine Department, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Neurology and MS Group, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
The Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions, as a two-dimensional instrument, uniquely assesses fatigue severity across cognitive and motor dimensions, setting it apart from other tools.The separation of domains helps to understand the impact of potentially confounding variables and elucidate the mechanisms that lead to fatigue.The Persian version of the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions appears to be valid and reliable for individuals with multiple sclerosis, indicating its potential use in clinical setting and research.
Reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (P-FSMC) in Iranian people with multiple sclerosis.

Home dialysis has been associated with better patient survival compared to in-center hemodialysis. Finland has over 40 years of experience with home dialysis. Despite sustained efforts, the prevalence of home dialysis has decreased in the last decade. We aimed to explore the barriers to expanding home dialysis treatments from healthcare providers' and patients' perspectives.This is qualitative research, based on an electronic semi-structured survey directed to nephrologists, nephrology nurses, and patient associations. The survey development contemplated the main barriers shown in a conceptual framework described previously in the literature. An open-ended question was analyzed using the content analysis method.All participants agreed that the nurse shortage and patients' several comorbidities are the main barriers. Healthcare teams were perceived as having good qualifications and interest in home dialysis. Intense transplant activity was not perceived as a barrier. Doctors and nurses believed that starting in-center hemodialysis decreases the odds of switching to home dialysis later, and patients have less motivation or reliability in their abilities. From the patient's perspective, the financial burden and the impact of home dialysis on the assistant or relative constitute critical barriers. Also, bringing hospitals home or living in small spaces is an important barrier to accepting home dialysis.Expanding home dialysis modalities requires boosting the home dialysis nursing pool, choosing home dialysis as a first modality, and removing the financial burden on the patients. While the rise in patients with multiple comorbidities remains unchanged, supporting relatives to prevent burnout could be beneficial.
© 2025 International Society for Hemodialysis.
Department of Nephrology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain.
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis
Unveiling Challenges Hindering the Growth of Home Dialysis in Finland: Insights From 40 Years of Experience.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary disorders that cause progressive retinal degeneration, affecting the rods and, subsequently, the cones, which results in progressive vision loss. RP is genetically heterogeneous and is inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, or sporadic non-Mendelian manner. The recent advancements in repairing damaged retinas highlight the necessity of understanding the impact of photoreceptor degeneration on the visual cortex. This is because functional vision may not be adequately restored if this region is significantly impaired prior to treatment. In the present review, we have analyzed the rodent models of RP that have been most frequently used and the physiological and morphological changes occurring in both humans and rodents with this disorder. Following visually evoked stimulation, the processing of visual information in the primary visual cortex (V1) of individuals with RP is altered due to modifications in the transduction of the signal originating in the degenerated retina. Moreover, alterations in the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of cortical neurons and neural circuits have also been documented. Finally, several neurochemical and/or morphological changes are observed in synaptic structures associated with pyramidal neurons and in select inhibitory interneurons. Nevertheless, despite the physiological and morphological changes that have been described, the impact of RP on the visual cortex does not inevitably result in irreversible damage, as the alterations do not appear to be particularly severe. Brain plasticity is more restricted in adults; however, remodeling of the visual cortex in mice and humans is possible, which encourages further work on therapies capable of partially restoring the lost visual function.
©The Author(s) 2025. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY International License.
School of Medicine, Biomedicine Institute (IB-UCLM), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain. JuanRamon.Martinez@uclm.es.
School of Medicine, Biomedicine Institute (IB-UCLM), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
Adaptive changes in the visual cortex after photoreceptor degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa.

Journal of insurance medicine (New York, N.Y.)

The Cognitive Versus the Cookbook Medical Director.

Frugal innovations are essential in low-resource settings to provide cost-effective medical solutions without compromising functionality. The Arclight is a robust, solar-powered device that functions as both an ophthalmoscope and an otoscope, priced at approximately 12€ in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).This study evaluates the Arclight's potential as a video otoscope when attached to smartphones, aiming to enhance telemedicine capabilities in ear examinations.Twenty otorhinolaryngology (ORL) specialists rated the standalone Arclight as well as its attachment to an iPhone 12 and a Samsung Galaxy A14 for ear examinations at the University Medical Centre in Mainz, Germany.The standalone Arclight received the highest ratings overall, followed by the Arclight attached to a Samsung Galaxy A14. Attached to the Samsung Galaxy A14, the Arclight demonstrated significantly higher performance regarding ease of focus (p < 0.01), quality of view (p < 0.05), and zoom capabilities (p < 0.05) compared to the iPhone12 attachment. The iPhone12 setup performed lowest in all categories.The Arclight is an effective, low-cost tool for ear examinations in low-resource settings. While smartphone integration enhances its potential for telemedicine, performance varies depending on the smartphone used. The Samsung Galaxy A14 proved to be a more reliable option for tele-otoscopy than the iPhone 12. Further optimization is needed to improve smartphone integration and address identified limitations, enhancing the Arclight's utility in telemedicine applications.NA.
© 2025 The Author(s). The Laryngoscope published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
Evaluation of Arclight Frugal Smartphone Video Otoscopy.

Nasal irrigation is widely practiced in infants, but its execution varies greatly. Although a consensus on how to perform this procedure has been published, supporting experimental evidence is lacking. In vitro investigations using anatomical models are a promising first step toward clinical research. Quantitative, exploratory data on pediatric nasal irrigation, obtained from a pragmatic irrigation setup, are needed.A previously validated upper airway model of a 10-month-old infant was used and filled with mucus-mimicking hydrogel at two different concentrations. The upper airway clearance efficacy (UAC%) of nasal irrigation (i.e., the extent of airway clearance) was tested by varying different parameters: head position and the nostril selected for irrigation (side-lying via the supra- or infra-lateral nostril, or sitting), irrigation pattern (unilateral or bilateral irrigation), irrigation volume (5, 10, 15, or 20 mL), and hydrogel concentration (1 or 1.5%).Increasing nasal irrigation volume significantly improved UAC% with each 5 mL increment: mean (SD) UAC% was 75.10 (8.06), 84.00 (7.79), 89.94 (5.86), and 93.15 (4.63) % for 5, 10, 15, and 20 mL/nostril, respectively. Performing unilateral nasal irrigation through the supra-lateral nostril led to a greater UAC% compared to infra-lateral nostril irrigation (mean UAC% (SD) was 83.02 (7.32) and 75.30 (9.29) %, respectively; p < 0.001). The other parameters did not significantly impact the UAC%.The irrigation volume and the nostril selected for unilateral nasal irrigation significantly impacted upper airway clearance during in vitro nasal irrigation. Future studies should investigate whether large irrigation volumes improve clinical outcomes in infants.NA, in vitro study.
© 2025 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.
Institut de Recherche expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.Service de Pneumologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.Secteur de Kinésithérapie et Ergothérapie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.Faculté des Sciences de la Motricité, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
Secteur de Kinésithérapie et Ergothérapie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.Faculté des Sciences de la Motricité, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
Institut de Recherche expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.Service de Pneumologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.Secteur de Kinésithérapie et Ergothérapie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
Factors Influencing Nasal Irrigation Efficacy in Infants: An Exploratory 3D Model Study.

Objectives. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence and severity of entire-body musculoskeletal system pain (MSSP) in teachers and its association with work stress. Methods. The sample in this descriptive, cross-sectional research consisted of 437 teachers. Research data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, the Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort scale and the work stress scale (WSS). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results. The most prevalent MSSPs observed in the 20 body regions of the teachers in the study, a profession involving high work-related pain levels, were in the lumbar, neck and back regions. Each one-unit increase in teachers' WSS scores increased the likelihood of work-related lumbar pain by 6% (prevalance ratio [PR] 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.04, 1.12]), of neck pain by 11% (PR 1.11; 95% CI [1.08, 1.16]) and of back pain by 8% (PR 1.08; 95% CI [1.05, 1.14]). A significant positive correlation was observed between MSSP scores in the 20 body regions and WSS scores. Conclusions. MSSP is a widespread occupational health problem, and work stress is a cause of significant MSSP in the body as a whole and particularly in the lumbar, neck and back regions.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Batman University, Batman, Turkey.
Cahit Zarifoğlu Primary School, Batman, Turkey.
International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE
The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal system pain in teachers and its relationship with work stress.

Skin cancer is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, with nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) constituting most cases. Melanoma, although less common, is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and is responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Prostaglandins, particularly prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), play a central role in the pathogenesis of skin cancer by mediating inflammation, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and tumor progression through the cyclooxygenase (COX)-PGE2 pathway. PGE2 exerts its effects via E-prostanoid (EP) receptors (EP1-EP4), which activate distinct signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. In melanoma, the COX-2-E2 axis is implicated in tumor-mediated immunosuppression and tumor growth. Although COX-2 inhibitors like celecoxib have shown efficacy in reducing NMSC incidence, their long-term use is limited by adverse effects. EP receptor antagonists represent a promising therapeutic alternative, offering targeted inhibition of PGE2-driven tumorigenesis with potentially fewer side effects. Emerging therapies, including combination strategies with immune checkpoint inhibitors, highlight the potential of precision medicine approaches to optimize the treatment and prevention of skin cancers, including melanoma. Further research is essential to elucidate the mechanisms of PGE2 signaling and refine therapeutic interventions targeting the COX-PGE2-receptor axis.
© 2025 the International Society of Dermatology.
Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
The Role of Prostaglandin Pathway and EP Receptors in Skin Cancer Development.

The junctional epithelium (JE) covers the cervical areas of developing or existing teeth. It can re-establish itself even after being removed during periodontal therapies, followed by wound healing. However, the mechanisms that can maintain this universally conserved structure are still unclear.The molecular mechanisms of JE homeostasis were investigated by altering levels of JE-specific genes in a telomerase immortalized human gingival epithelial cell line (TIGKs) by exposing TIGKs to conditioned medium (C-CM) from cultivated human cementoblasts. The mRNA and protein levels of JE-associated genes in TIGKs were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) after treatment with C-CM. The candidate pathways related to differential mRNA and protein expression were analyzed with a DNA microarray and identified using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and WikiPathways. Real-time PCR and ICC were conducted to confirm the changes in the expressions of candidate genes.mRNA levels and protein expressions of amelotin (Amtn) were upregulated after treatment with C-CM for 48 hours. DNA microarray analyses identified 595 genes that were upregulated >2-fold, and 820 genes that were downregulated >2-fold. C-CM promoted the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and reduced the expression of an inactivator of Janus kinase 2. Both signaling molecules were found, using siRNA technology, to mediate the increase of Amtn mRNA and protein expression levels.The upregulation of Amtn in gingival epithelial cells by C-CM suggests that this regulatory pathway is associated with the homeostasis of JE structures by the cementum.
Copyright © 2025. Korean Academy of Periodontology.
Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan. nakayama.youhei@nihon-u.ac.jp.
Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
Journal of periodontal & implant science
J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2025-01-30;():.
Conditioned medium from cultured cementoblasts upregulates amelotin gene expression via the SOCS3 signaling pathway.

To increase the confidentiality level of molecular tags, binary information can be hidden in sequence-defined oligomers using isobaric monomers including a photo-sensitive one, which mass can be modified upon light irradiation. Reading such secured data requires light edition prior to MS/MS sequencing, which was investigated here in a single gas-phase workflow.Oligo (phosphodiester)s made of units with either light-sensitive ortho- or light-inert para-nitrobenzyl side-group were electrosprayed as deprotonated oligomers and sampled in an ion trap instrument equipped with various light sources. Nanosecond-pulsed laser (266 or 365 nm) and CW laser (375 nm) irradiations were compared for their efficiency to induce photo-cleavage of all o-nitrobenzyl moieties in laser-induced dissociation and to produce sufficient amounts of edited oligomers to achieve full coverage of their sequence in collision-induced dissociation.While cleavage of photo-sensitive moieties was never fully achieved with the pulsed laser, photo-cleavage of all o-nitrobenzyl side-groups readily occurred with the CW laser, as monitored by successive losses of o-nitrobenzaldehyde from the irradiated chains. Time required for maximal production of edited oligomers increased with their number of reactive units but shorter irradiation steps were found sufficient to produce enough secondary precursors to achieve full sequence coverage in MS/MS.Laser-induced modification of light-sensitive units allowed monotonic sequences of two isobaric monomers to be turned into MS/MS readable sequences. This gas-phase experiment enables a much higher throughput compared with the 1-h irradiation requested for the oligomer edition when performed in solution.
© 2025 The Author(s). Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière (iLM), Lyon, France.
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Strasbourg, France.
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), Marseille, France.
Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2025-03-06;():e10016.
Combining Laser-Induced Edition to Collision-Induced Sequencing of Digital Oligomers in a Single Gas-Phase Experiment.

This study was conducted to evaluate the 3-year predictability and validity of the modified tunnel technique, both with and without the use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), for treating deep and narrow gingival recession defects (GRDs) in the mandibular anterior region.Overall, 31 GRDs were treated using the modified tunnel technique combined with subepithelial connective tissue graft. The cohort was divided into 2 groups: one with the adjunctive use of EMD (n=16) and the other without EMD (n=15). Clinical outcomes, including recession depth (RD), keratinized tissue width (KTW), mean root coverage (MRC), and complete root coverage (CRC), were evaluated at baseline, as well as at 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively. Patient discomfort was assessed with a self-report questionnaire 2 weeks after surgery.At the 3-year follow-up, no statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 treatment modalities in clinical parameters, including RD (EMD, -6.47±2.23 mm; non-EMD, -5.10±3.23 mm), KTW (EMD, 1.03±0.96 mm; non-EMD, 1.00±1.02 mm), MRC (EMD, 86.62%±21.18%; non-EMD, 80.24%±38.73%), and CRC (EMD, 62.5%; non-EMD, 73.3%). Furthermore, no significant differences were found between the groups in terms of early and subjective postoperative discomfort, including pain and swelling.Within the limitations of this study, the modified tunnel technique, whether used alone or in conjunction with EMD, demonstrated benefits in the treatment and maintenance of deep and narrow GRDs.
Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea. ljaehong@gmail.com.
Department of Periodontology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Institute of Wonkwang Dental Research, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Daejeon, Korea.
J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2025-01-24;():.
Modified tunnel technique with and without enamel matrix derivative for deep and narrow gingival recession in the mandibular anterior region: a 3-year longitudinal and retrospective cohort population-based study.

A small magnetic peg, named BracketPeg, has been developed as an attachment magnet for implant prostheses. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of measuring implant stability at the prosthesis level, evaluate the reliability and accuracy of BracketPeg, and examine the consistency of measurements obtained using other devices for damping capacity assessment (DCA) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA).Forty implants were installed into artificial bone blocks, with each block representing 1 of 4 different diameters (3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.5 mm; 10 implants per diameter). Each implant was paired with a customized zirconia prosthesis that matched the implant diameter. Implant stability was measured at both the fixture and prosthesis levels using Anycheck™ (Neobiotech) for DCA and Osstell™ Beacon (W&H) and ChecQ™ (Dentis) for RFA. To obtain prosthesis-level measurements using RFA devices, BracketPeg was attached to the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the prosthesis to evaluate implant stability.The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was significantly lower at the prosthesis level than at the fixture level (P<0.001), reflecting the impact of the increased mass and size of the prosthesis. RFA values varied depending on the position of BracketPeg, with lower stability values observed at the coronal position than at the apical position. The 2 RFA devices demonstrated reasonable agreement between ISQ measurements, with a mean difference of -0.58 (95% confidence interval: ±0.31).BracketPeg provides reliable and consistent implant stability measurements at the prosthesis level compared to other devices, making it a practical and feasible tool for the clinical evaluation of implants.
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University and Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Periodontology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University and Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea. cacodm1@snu.ac.kr.
J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2025-01-17;():.
In vitro evaluation of prosthesis-level implant stability using 'BracketPeg'.

Gingival fibroblasts are a major cellular component of the connective tissue and play a crucial role in wound healing and tissue regeneration through collagen synthesis. This study aimed to assess the effect of polynucleotide (PN) combined with cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) on the proliferation, differentiation, and anti-inflammatory responses of human gingival fibroblasts-1 (HGF-1).In this in vitro experimental study, HGF-1 cells were cultured with PN/HA, PN, HA, and enamel matrix derivative (EMD). Cell proliferation and migration were assessed at 24 hours and 48 hours, respectively. Long-term cultures were evaluated for collagen and proteoglycan deposition using sirius red and alcian blue staining. Levels of phospho-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, collagen type I (Col 1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using Western blot analysis or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.All experimental groups exhibited increased cellular proliferation and migration compared to the control group. Similar to EMD, PN/HA promoted the synthesis of Col 1 and proteoglycans. At concentrations of 2.5 mg/mL for PN and HA, and 1.0 mg/mL for PN/HA, significant anti-inflammatory effects were observed. These effects included reductions in phospho-NF-κB p65 levels and IL-6 production when exposed to lipopolysaccharides from Porphyromonas gingivalis. EMD, however, did not demonstrate these anti-inflammatory effects.Within the limitations of this study, we concluded that PN/HA improves gingival tissue healing by promoting cell proliferation and migration, facilitating rapid collagen deposition, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects.
Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Polynucleotide with cross-linked hyaluronic acid reduces inflammation and increases collagen synthesis.

This study investigated the reliability of partial-mouth periodontal examinations (PMPEs) for 1) identifying the presence of periodontitis, 2) staging periodontal disease, and 3) reflecting mean clinical parameters.All patients were diagnosed using 8 different exam types: (A) full-mouth periodontal examination (FMPE), (B) Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) codes, (C) panoramic radiographs only, (D) clinical parameters only, (E) 6 teeth, including the first molar (#11, #16, #26, #31, #36, #46), (F) CPITN index teeth (#11, #16, #17, #26, #27, #31, #36, #37, #46, #47), (G) Ramfjord teeth (#16, #21, #24, #36, #41, #44), and (H) 10 modified Ramfjord teeth, including all first premolars and first molars (#16, #14, #21, #24, #26, #36, #34, #41, #44, #46). Case definitions were established according to the criteria outlined in the 2018 American Academy of Periodontology/European Federation of Periodontology classification of periodontal diseases. The accuracy of diagnosis and diagnostic performance were assessed using the kappa coefficient and area under the curve (AUC)/receiver operating characteristic analyses, respectively. To compare the mean clinical parameters, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated between 4 types of PMPEs (E, F, G, H) and FMPE.In total, 218 subjects (130 female, 88 male) were included in this study. Exam type F achieved perfect agreement (kappa coefficient: 1.0) in identifying the presence of periodontitis, and it showed almost perfect agreement in staging periodontal disease (0.85≤ kappa ≤0.98) except for the healthy category, with AUCs ≥0.97. Exam type H demonstrated the highest correlations of all mean clinical parameters with FMPE (ICCs ≥0.96).PMPEs using the CPITN index teeth can be an excellent alternative for diagnosing periodontitis and staging its severity.
Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea.
Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea.
Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. sukji@ajou.ac.kr.
Reliability of partial-mouth periodontal examinations for diagnosing periodontal disease.

This clinical study evaluated differences in bone quality within the maxillary sinus when either alloplast or xenograft material was applied.Twenty participants requiring lateral sinus approach augmentation for delayed implant placement were divided into 2 groups. The first group received a silica-calcium phosphate composite (SCPC) alloplast, while the second received a bovine bone xenograft (Bio-Oss). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to measure changes in bone height and area immediately after surgery and 5 months after augmentation. Picrosirius red staining of bone biopsies, obtained during implant placement, was analyzed under polarized microscopy. A MATLAB algorithm was used for analysis following image acquisition.CBCT measurements revealed a statistically significant reduction in linear bone height among xenograft recipients (P≤0.001). This finding indicated greater resorption compared to the alloplast group, which exhibited no significant difference in bone height at 5 months following sinus augmentation. Furthermore, 40% of xenograft recipients displayed an absence of mineralized tissue formation, indicating a limited osteoconductive effect compared to the alloplast group, in which mineralized bone tissue was present in all samples. Polarized light microscopy and color intensity measurements of picrosirius red-stained bone biopsies revealed a significantly higher ratio of mineralized collagen I to collagen III in the newly formed bone for alloplast compared to xenograft recipients. Trichrome staining demonstrated collagen I mineralization with the presence of osteoblasts and osteocytes, indicating new bone formation. The newly formed bone in the alloplast group exhibited markers of maturation, including the formation of reversal lines, Haversian systems, and blood vessels. Resorption of the SCPC alloplast-grafted granules was also observed.The increased formation and maturation of new bone appear responsible for the preservation of bone height in alloplast group recipients.
Department of Periodontology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Prosthodontics Division, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
Department of Physics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
Department of Periodontology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. malsa2@email.uky.edu.
J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2024-12-02;():.
Relationship between bone quality and shrinkage in maxillary sinus augmentation using synthetic alloplast versus xenograft.

This study aimed to analyze the bone regeneration and biosorption patterns of different bone substitutes in a rabbit skull defect model.Four circular 8 mm-defects were created in the cranium of 12 New Zealand white rabbits, each weighing approximately 3 kg. Each defect was randomly assigned to one of 4 treatment groups: cortical deproteinized porcine bone mineral (DPBM), cancellous DPBM, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) with a 6:4 ratio of hydroxyapatite (HA) to β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) (TCP4), and BCP with a 2:8 ratio of HA to β-TCP (TCP8). The rabbits were euthanized at either 6 weeks (n=6) or 12 weeks (n=6) post-surgery. The harvested specimens were then analyzed both radiographically and histomorphometrically.In the micro-computed tomography analysis, no statistically significant differences were observed among the 4 groups, except in the bone graft volume/tissue volume (GV/TV) at 12 weeks. Cortical DBPM exhibited a higher GV/TV ratio than cancellous DBPM at the same time point. The histomorphometric analysis revealed increased biosorption in cancellous DBPM compared to cortical DBPM at 12 weeks. However, the percentage of newly formed bone did not significantly differ among the 4 groups.All types of bone substitutes demonstrated similar patterns of bone regeneration at both 6 and 12 weeks of observation. However, cancellous DPBM exhibited a higher rate of bioabsorption compared to other bone substitutes, suggesting that it may have different indications or applications in guided bone regeneration protocols.
Copyright © 2024. Korean Academy of Periodontology.
Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.One-Stop Specialty Center, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea. houy1980@snu.ac.kr.
Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. ymlee@snu.ac.kr.
J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2024-12-09;():.
Bone regeneration and biosorption patterns of different bone substitutes: an in vivo study in rabbit skulls.

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of flap design, grafting material, and graft dimension on flap tension and the initial volume increase achieved in soft tissue augmentation.Six fresh porcine jaw cadavers were used in this study. Each side of the jaw was randomly assigned to receive either a standard split-thickness flap or a split-thickness flap with a palatal island. Following flap preparation, random allocation was employed to determine the order of 4 treatment modalities: 3 mm of a volume-stable collagen matrix (VCMX), 6 mm VCMX, 3 mm of a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG), and 6 mm SCTG. Flap tension was measured and the wound was closed after the insertion of each specimen. Intraoral scans were taken before flap preparation and after closure to facilitate profilometric analysis.The palatal island flap exhibited significantly greater overall (P=0.010) and crestal (P=0.007) volume gains compared to the split-thickness flap, regardless of the use of VCMX or SCTG. The palatal island flap was associated with significantly lower flap tension force values (0.6 N; P=0.035) than the split-thickness flap. Both materials (VCMX and SCTG) demonstrated comparable volume gains.The findings of this cadaveric study indicate that the use of a palatal island flap effectively reduces flap tension. While both materials (VCMX and SCTG) yielded similar increases in volume, the palatal island flap demonstrated greater volume gains than the split-thickness flap for each grafting material.
Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.Department of Periodontology, Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. stefan.bienz@zzm.uzh.ch.
J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2025-01-23;():.
Association of flap tension with flap design and graft volume in soft tissue augmentation: a cadaveric study in pigs.

It is well-established that muscle mass strength is a key factor in healthy physical functioning and is necessary for an active lifestyle. Handgrip strength (HGS) is the most convenient and cost-effective method for evaluating overall muscle strength in the body. Various studies have investigated the direct impact of inflammatory oral diseases on HGS, but with conflicting results. This systematic review investigated previous study data and analysed the causal factors in oral disease that affect HGS.The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles using relevant keywords. Based on the inclusion criteria, 8 cross-sectional studies were selected, and the extracted data was interpreted and analysed systematically. Quality assessment was done using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool.Although 4 studies were shown to have used good quality assessment tools, heterogeneity in the methodology and data analysis prevented us from conducting a meta-analysis. Most of the studies were conducted between 2020 to 2022 and 7 were from Asian countries. The findings of these studies indicated a positive correlation between good oral health and strong HGS. Poor oral habits and oral conditions such as periodontitis and tooth loss inversely affected HGS, as did intrinsic factors like age and sex.Limited global studies and heterogeneous study data emerged as the major shortcomings in our systematic study review and precluded meta-analysis. Therefore, further studies are needed with standard methodologies and outcome measures as well as good global representation.PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42023441854.
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India.Dr. D. Y. Patil Unitech Society's Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India. drsachinsarode@gmail.com.
J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2024-12-11;():.
Association between oral health and handgrip strength: a systematic review.

The morphogenesis of peri-implant soft tissues following surgical trauma, along with the nature, topography, and design of implant-prosthetic material surfaces, leads to peri-implant tissues that exhibit unique histological and morphological characteristics. It has been shown that mucosal phenotypes with a mucosal thickness of at least 2 mm and a keratinised mucosa width of at least 2 mm promote proper integration and a biological seal at the mucosa-implant interface. This seal prevents pathogen penetration, protects the underlying peri-implant bone, and reduces susceptibility to inflammatory peri-implant diseases (IPDs). Furthermore, even under ideal conditions, peri-implant soft tissues demonstrate less mechanical resistance, stability, and hermeticity compared to periodontal tissues. These deficiencies are directly associated with both the onset and progression of IPDs such as peri-implant mucositis (PM) and peri-implantitis (PI). Over recent decades, the prevalence of PM and PI has risen, making them the primary causes of implant failure. Given that the characteristics of peri-implant mucosa are closely linked to the progression of these diseases, a deep understanding of the biology of peri-implant soft tissues is crucial for developing strategies to either avoid or minimise the impact of IPDs on implant therapy outcomes. This comprehensive review of the literature aims to provide a precise and detailed description of the structure, biology, and function of peri-implant soft tissues, starting from their formation process and linking their morphogenic characteristics to the establishment and evolution of IPDs. Additionally, the composition of the microbiome and the most relevant anti/pro-inflammatory mediators involved in the development of IPDs are summarised.
Biomedical Sciences, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia. nrios@unicoc.edu.co.
Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Santo Tomas de Aquino, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Structure, biology, and function of peri-implant soft tissues in health and disease: a comprehensive review of the literature.

Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) leads to peritoneal injury, with mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) potentially serving as an initial and reversible stage of this process. Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a protein-bound uremic toxin that accumulates in patients with declining renal function, is known to be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in proximal renal tubular cells. However, its effects on peritoneal mesothelial cells, which serve as the first-line barrier during PD, have not yet been investigated.This study aimed to evaluate whether IS induces MMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells during PD through the β-catenin signaling pathway.A human peritoneal mesothelial cell line (HMrSV5) was used for this in vitro study. Cells were treated with IS or combined with β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001, and high glucose PD fluid (PDF) served as a positive control. Morphology, proliferation and adhesion were assessed, while the expression of β-catenin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) as mesenchymal markers, along with E-cadherin as a mesothelial marker, were analyzed at both RNA and protein levels using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot, respectively.The number of viable and adherent cells was significantly increased in the IS and PDF groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). Treatment with ICG-001 significantly reduced both viable and adherent cell numbers compared to cells treated with IS or PDF alone (p < 0.05). At the RNA level, IS treatment significantly decreased E-cadherin expression (p = 0.002) while significantly increasing β-catenin (p = 0.001) and α-SMA (p = 0.002) expression compared to the control group. These changes were reversed by ICG-001 treatment. Protein expression showed similar trends.Indoxyl sulfate induces MMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells, and these changes can be reversed by the specific β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001. This suggests that IS may be considered as another inducer of MMT during PD through the β-catenin signaling pathway.
Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Hefei, China.
Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China.
Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.Department of Nephrology, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China.
Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University
Long-term exposure of indoxyl sulfate induces mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells via β-catenin-involved signaling pathway.

School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.Medical Ethics and Humanities Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
When They Say … 'Beware of the Young Doctor'.

By utilizing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as chiral selectors, a simple method was employed to fabricate an electrochemical sensor that modified with aminoized multiwall carbon nanotubes (NH2-MWCNT) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The appearance and structure of the chiral sensor were characterized through X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical chiral recognition behavior of the phenylalanine (Phe) enantiomer was achieved by differential pulse voltammetry. The working chiral recognition is based on the three-point action principle. The hydrogen bond between chiral selectors and Phe is the key to chiral recognition. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the oxidation peak current ratio of D-Phe to L-Phe (ID/IL) was 1.71. In the linear range of 3-15 mM, the detection limits of D-Phe and L-Phe are 4.62 and 5.23 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. It is noteworthy that the sensor possessed good stability and reproducibility.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
Changzhou Smart-Lifesciences Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Changzhou, China.
Changzhou University Huaide College, Taizhou, China.
Electrochemical Recognition of Phenylalanine Enantiomers Based on Silver Nanoparticles Modified Aminated Carbon Nanotubes.

Infantile hemangiomas are the most common soft-tissue tumors in children, with propranolol, a non-cardioselective β-blocker, considered the first-line treatment for complicated cases. β-blockers have been reported to be the most common causative agents for drug-induced psoriasis in adults. In the pediatric population, only one previous case exists. We report the case of a 12-month-old girl who developed a psoriasiform rash after starting oral propranolol for infantile hemangiomas on the scalp. The patient had no personal or family history of psoriasis, and the rash appeared one week post-initiation of propranolol, presenting as well-defined erythematous, scaly plaques over the body, including the scalp. Infectious causes were excluded, and the rash was diagnosed as a psoriasiform rash, possibly induced by oral propranolol. The patient was switched to atenolol, which resulted in improvement of the hemangioma and complete resolution of the skin lesions. This case highlights the rare but significant risk of psoriasiform eruptions associated with β-blocker therapy in infants, emphasizing the need for careful recognition and monitoring of this potential adverse effect in pediatric patients treated for infantile hemangiomas.
King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh. saharalruhaimi@gmail.com.
Department of Dermatology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh. saharalruhaimi@gmail.com.
Department of Pediatric Dermatology, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Riyadh. saharalruhaimi@gmail.com.
Psoriasiform rash possibly induced by oral propranolol in a 12-month-old girl with infantile hemangioma: a case report and literature review.

Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Critical Care and Neurocritical Care Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, Division of University Health Network, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
The critical importance of time in the management of acute neurological injuries.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease often requiring systemic therapies for moderate-to-severe cases. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, including upadacitinib, have emerged as effective options, targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in AD pathogenesis. However, adverse dermatologic reactions, such as rosacea-like eruptions, have been observed, potentially linked to immune pathway modulation. This report describes two patients with severe AD who achieved complete disease clearance with upadacitinib but developed rosacea-like eruptions. Both cases required discontinuation of the drug and treatment with antibiotics, which resolved the symptoms. However, withdrawal led to AD flares in one patient, necessitating the reintroduction of upadacitinib at a reduced dose combined with prophylactic antibiotics. These cases underscore the efficacy of JAK inhibitors while highlighting the challenge of managing adverse effects. Individualized treatment approaches, including dose adjustments and adjunctive therapies, are essential for balancing AD control with tolerability. Further research is needed to optimize the management of these reactions.
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata . cld.paganini@gmail.com.
Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro . edoardo.mortato@gmail.com.
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata . lorenzotofani1993@gmail.com.
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata . belcastro.alfredo98@gmail.com.
Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome. talamonti.marina@gmail.com.
Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome. cosimodiraimondo@gmail.com.
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata ; Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome. luca.bianchi@uniroma2.it.
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata ; Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome. marco.galluzzo@uniroma2.it.
Rosacea-like eruptions associated with upadacitinib in atopic dermatitis: two case reports and management strategies.

Regulated cell death (RCD), the form of cell death that can be genetically controlled by multiple signaling pathways, plays an important role in organogenesis, tissue remodeling, and maintenance of organism homeostasis and is closely associated with various human diseases. Transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, which can respond to different internal and external stimuli and participate in inflammatory and immune responses. Emerging evidence suggests that TAK1 is an important regulator at the crossroad of multiple RCD pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and PANoptosis. The regulation of TAK1 affects disease progression through multiple signaling pathways, and therapeutic strategies targeting TAK1 have been proposed for inflammatory diseases, central nervous system diseases, and cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of the downstream signaling pathways regulated by TAK1 and its binding proteins. Their critical regulatory roles in different forms of cell death are also summarized. In addition, we discuss the potential of targeting TAK1 in the treatment of human diseases, with a specific focus on neurological disorders and cancer.
© 2025 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, China.
Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.
TAK1 at the crossroads of multiple regulated cell death pathways: from molecular mechanisms to human diseases.

Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.
The multifaceted role of the gastrointestinal system in the ICU: recent trends and future directions.

The outcome of central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis has shown little improvement over several decades, with diagnosis remaining unconfirmed in nearly half of the cases. This review highlights current insights and advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of CNS tuberculosis.Miliary pulmonary tuberculosis is often linked to CNS tuberculosis and is associated with a worse prognosis. Complications, such as, optochiasmatic arachnoiditis, strokes, and transverse myelitis severely affect prognosis and quality of life. Nearly half of tuberculous meningitis patients exhibited impaired cognition. Diagnosing CNS tuberculosis is challenging because of the low accuracy of standard tests. Advanced techniques like metagenomic and nanopore sequencing enhance detection but are hindered by high costs and limited access. Treatment outcomes remain suboptimal but approaches such as higher drug doses, novel medications, and host-directed therapies are being explored. Drug-resistant tuberculous meningitis is increasingly recognized, posing significant challenges to both diagnosis and treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI) enhances care by enabling early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and personalized treatments, improving outcomes.CNS tuberculosis diagnosis faces challenges due to limited sensitivity and delayed results of available tests. Treatments remain suboptimal, with multidrug-resistant cases posing high mortality risks. AI aids in early diagnosis and personalized care.
Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
Tuberculosis of the central nervous system: current concepts in diagnosis and treatment.

Dear Editor, We have read with interest the recently published paper by Beronja et al. reporting the clinical outcomes in a group of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 being current smokers or not and concluding that a history of cigarette smoking (past or active) is an independent factor for negative prognosis in COVID-19 patients...
Department of Medicine - DIMED, Clinica Medica 3, University Hospital of Padua.
Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace
Comments on Smoking patterns and outcomes of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study .

The management of tuberculosis (TB) presents significant challenges, particularly in the context of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and TB-HIV co-infection. Traditional surgical interventions, such as lung resection and pneumothorax induction, have largely been phased out with the advent of modern antibiotic regimens. However, emerging evidence suggests that endobronchial interventions, specifically the use of unidirectional valves, have potential in supporting the treatment of MDR-TB. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the feasibility of closure of tubercular cavities using endobronchial valves, resulting in improved clinical outcomes and sputum smear conversion. PubMed was searched from inception to September 2024. The small studies reviewed here demonstrate the feasibility of tubercular cavity closure using endobronchial valves, resulting in improved clinical outcomes and sputum smear conversion. Yet, limited access to Food and Drug Administration-approved valves and funding challenges hinders large-scale trials. To address these limitations, further evidence is needed within improved international collaboration. We suggest that international prospective trials and innovation are needed. Such collaborative efforts would clarify the role of valves in TB treatment and hopefully lead to the development of simpler and more affordable occlusive devices that would benefit patients with MDR-TB, particularly in low-income countries.
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Delhi Hospital, Bahadurgarh.
Department of Medicine, Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, London.
Unit of Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Careggi, Florence.
Bronchoscopic valve therapy for tuberculosis: a scoping review.

The Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species are ciphered as ESKAPE pathogens leading agents for multidrug resistance (MDR) related infections. The current research study used kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase (PDB ID: 1KNY), OXA-24 class D beta-lactamase (PDB ID: 3ZNT), efflux pump proteins as a target to identify potential inhibitor phytochemical for ameliorating antimicrobial resistance caused by ESKAPE pathogens. A total of 61 MDR genes of ESKAPE pathogens were scrutinized phylogenetically and protein-protein interaction (PPIs) analysis were performed. The target proteins for structure-based drug design were culled based on functional partners of efflux pump proteins obtained after PPIs analysis in all ESKAPE pathogens. We deployed a comprehensive sequential filtering approach including high throughput virtual screening of an in-house created bioactive phytochemicals library from the IMPPAT database. First, a molecular docking-based high throughput virtual screening process, followed by meticulous filtering of hits based on binding energy and detailed active-site interaction analysis was performed on each target protein separately. During this stage, native ligands of the target proteins were deployed as a control ligand and for docking protocol validation. These 50 top phytochemicals against both proteins were culled. Then filtration of hits was done based on pharmacokinetics, toxicity and bioactivity of phytochemicals. The retained phytochemicals against each protein were analyzed through density functional theory (DFT) to check potential reactivity. After, analyzing DFT-based energy calculations final lead phytochemicals were selected. The lead phytochemical stability within respective active-site and dynamic behavior was analyzed through molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and principal component analysis (PCA). In this way, diosgenin and paulownin phytochemicals were identified as a lead inhibitor ligand against 1KNY and 3ZNT target receptors, respectively. The 1KNY-diosgenin and 3ZNT-paulownin complexes exhibited binding energies of -8.1 kcal/mol and -9.0 kcal/mol, respectively, forming hydrogen bonds with specific key residues (1KNY-Arg22, Ser105, Thr186) and (3ZNT-Trp221, Tyr 112, Met114) displaying stable dynamic behavior during 100 ns MD simulation, with DFT-based energy gaps of -0.254 52 eV and -0.195 87 eV, respectively, suggesting greater stability compared to control ligands. The diosgenin and paulownin phytochemicals are promising starting natural candidates for drug development against multidrug-resistant infections cure.
Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Handicapped, Kanpur, India.
Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics
Phytochemical-based drug designing against efflux-pump of ESKAPE pathogen to combat multidrug-resistant: an in silico study.

Patients with chronic respiratory diseases have variable degrees of emotional distress (ED). Chronic illness-related ED has been shown to be an independent factor for inefficient self-management as well as an essential factor for clinical deterioration and the quality of life in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. The distress thermometer (DT) comprises two distinct components: a visual analog scale, which resembles a thermometer, and a 39-problem list (PL) composed of 5 different categories: family, emotional, practical, spiritual/religious, and physical problems. DT has been approved as very effective in screening patients for ED in oncological and non-oncological settings. The COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated investigators to develop a modified DT (m-DT) that can be implemented for patients with COVID-19. This m-DT proved effective in screening adults, adolescents, and pregnant women with COVID-19 for ED. DT has been utilized in patients with chronic medical conditions in the non-oncological context, yet it was underutilized in those with chronic respiratory diseases. We believe that DT, with its advantages, represents a handy tool for screening patients with chronic respiratory diseases. The DT-associated PL is relatively comprehensive and covers almost all social, spiritual, financial, and emotional aspects of the screened individual's life. Screening of patients with cancer using DT has revealed encouraging results. Similar results among patients with chronic respiratory diseases are expected. DT can be utilized efficiently to deal with mental health issues routinely as a part of rehabilitation programs for chronic respiratory disorders. Further studies are warranted.
Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt; Department of Internal Medicine, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh.
College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
Department of Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt; National Blood and Cancer Center, Riyadh.
The distress thermometer: a promising tool to screen patients with chronic respiratory diseases for emotional distress.

Studies have indicated that milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) are resistant to both the enzymatic activity of digestive enzymes and the acidic conditions common in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the intestinal tract efficiently absorbs and uses these EVs. There is mounting evidence in recent years that microRNAs (miRNAs) found in EVs derived from milk are essential for the intestinal prebiotic effect through target gene regulation. In this paper, we summarized the sources, biosynthetic processes, cargos, and the factors affecting milk-derived EVs. Furthermore, with particular attention to the potential communication mechanism of milk EVs in intestinal target cell receptors, including recognizing and binding to the surface of intestinal receptor cells, internalization of intestinal receptor cell uptake, and cargos acting on intestinal receptor cells. Especially, we also explored the role of milk EVs in several aspects of intestinal health, such as the immunological homeostasis, intestinal barrier, intestinal injury, inflammatory bowel disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal malignancy, and harm to other organs connected to the intestine. We expected to use milk-derived EVs or miRNAs as new dietary additives and functional regulatory factors. In the future, we will gain more knowledge about the substantial impact of EVs derived from milk on human intestines and other health-related matters.
College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, PR China.
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition
Key roles of milk-derived extracellular vesicles in intestinal tract, with special emphasis on microRNAs in extracellular vesicles.

Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
Evidence-based medicine concepts for patients: improving shared decision-making.

The development of new high-performance materials in the field of polymer composites is becoming increasingly challenging as the requirements for real-life applications evolve rapidly. In particular, the issue of heat dissipation in a multitude of devices has become a matter of critical importance due to the ever-increasing compaction of electronic devices and the significant growth in power density stored in batteries. This calls for the development of novel solutions to enhance heat dissipation while preserving electrical insulation properties, particularly in light of safety concerns. In this context, polymer nanocomposites can play a significant role, as the incorporation of specific fillers can markedly improve their intrinsic properties, namely, low electrical conductivity, lightweightness, processability, and low cost. New fillers based on a core-shell structure have recently emerged. They are typically nanoscopic in size and synthesized through fine chemical processes to optimize their performance and ensure optimal cohesion with the polymer matrix. Nanocomposites based on core-shell nanofiller yield remarkable and highly promising outcomes, often exceeding the state of the art. This review article presents a comprehensive overview of these nanostructures and their applications, elucidating their significance and results, and discusses their role in achieving optimal heat dissipation.
© 2025 The Author(s). Macromolecular Rapid Communications published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.
Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, DTNM, Grenoble, F-38000, France.
The Core-Shell Approach for Thermally Conductive and Electrically Insulating Polymer Nanocomposites: A Review.

The first patent to describe dielectrophoresis (DEP) as a means and process to separate particles from a mixture was granted by the US Patent Office to Henry Stafford Hatfield in 1924. The novel methods of sample preparation and designs of electrode geometry covered by the patent's disclosures and claims describe the basis for most present-day applications of DEP as a method of particle separation. Hatfield had clearly acquired a deep understanding of DEP, not only from the perspective of the potential energy of the target particle to be separated from others but also from consideration of the conservation of energy of the electrical system. He cites no prior art or supporting theory of what he would have known as the action of the ponderomotive force. There is no record of his publishing this work, but efforts to find the source of his knowledge led to the retrieval of his Ph.D. thesis from the archives of the University of London. It describes innovative applications of DEP to separate impurity particles from powdered mineral ore and refers to the theoretical and experimental studies by Boltzmann of the ponderomotive force acting on small spheroidal samples of insulating material. This early background theory and experimentation by Boltzmann is described here and, together with the rules and methods so clearly and simply described in Hatfield's patent, forms the core of a tutorial for those engaged in DEP but who might lack formal training in physics.
© 2025 The Author(s). Electrophoresis published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.
School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nanosystems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Dielectrophoresis Tutorial: Inspired by Hatfield's 1924 Patent and Boltzmann's Theory and Experiments of 1874.

To evaluate the impact of advocacy efforts by organisations such as the Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network (BCAN) to increase awareness about the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and need for a multidisciplinary approach to the care of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).We developed a 32-question survey with input from physicians, nurses, patients and caregivers. The survey was posted on the BCAN website between August 2013 and September 2014 (Cohort A) and again between June 2023 and April 2024 (Cohort B). Questions focused on time from initial symptoms to diagnosis and treatment, proportion seeing a medical oncologist or radiation oncologist, treatments offered/received, and patient satisfaction with their treatment choices.Overall, 337 self-selected patients mostly white males from the US or Canada, with at least an undergraduate education completed the survey. There were 243 patients in Cohort A and 94 patients in Cohort B. The median age (range) at diagnosis was 61 (31-93) in Cohort A and 63 (38-87) in Cohort B. The most common presenting symptom was hematuria. In Cohorts A and B, 35% vs 30% (P = 0.56) waited >3 months to seek medical attention, and in 38% vs 43% (P = 0.76) it took >3 months to obtain a diagnosis. Men were more likely than women to be diagnosed within 1-2 months in both cohorts (Cohort A: 68% vs 47%; P = 0.03, Cohort B: 70% vs 37%; P = 0.03). Preoperative consultation with a radiation oncologist and bladder-sparing use were infrequent. More patients in Cohort A (77%) felt they had enough time to make decisions compared to Cohort B (67%) (P = 0.004). Most patients were satisfied with their treatment choices.There are ongoing areas of unmet need in MIBC, including reducing time to definitive diagnosis and treatment, especially in women, and increasing multidisciplinary assessments prior to definitive surgery. Respondents were self-selected, had access to the BCAN website, and were highly educated, potentially limiting the generalizability of these results.
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Stanford Cancer Center GU Surgical Oncology, Stanford, California, USA.
Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
RUSH University Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Understanding patient perspectives in the management of their muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

To reduce the amplitude of stimulus artefacts present in bone conduction auditory brainstem response (BC ABR) measurements.Electromagnetic shielding was applied to the surface of a clinical BC transducer. A foam pad was also placed on the shielded mastoid-contacting plate of the transducer. Acoustic impacts of these modifications were evaluated using an artificial mastoid. Unmodified and modified (shielding with pad) transducers were then used to elicit BC ABRs in adults and infants. Stimulus artefact amplitudes were compared across transducers.Six adults (24-42 years old) and 13 typically developing infants (mean age 48.77 days) with no sensorineural hearing loss.Shielding alone slightly decreased acoustic transducer output above approximately 1000 Hz. The addition of a foam pad largely negated this loss, while lower-frequency (500-1000 Hz) acoustic transducer output was slightly increased. The modified transducer produced significantly less stimulus artefact, although variation across subjects was also evident. In a clinical setting, Wave V was detected at similar rates for both transducers.While artefact was not eliminated, direct attenuation of artefact amplitude (versus software-based mitigation strategies) could simplify BC ABR and other evoked potential measurement protocols and support more stringent artefact rejection criteria to yield more informative recordings.
Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Towards improved measurements of bone conduction auditory brainstem responses in infants and adults: mitigation of stimulus artefact.

To evaluate the performance of Bladder Epicheck® (BE; Nucleix Ltd., Rehovot, Israel) in predicting tumour recurrence and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) failure during the first year after induction treatment.Prospective study including 65 patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with BCG between 2018 and 2021. Urine samples analysed with BE were collected before and after BCG induction. Logistic binary regression was used to assess the association between clinical and pathological variables and BE results with tumour recurrence and BCG failure during the first year after induction treatment.During follow-up, 16 (24.6%) patients experienced a bladder cancer event, 11 (68.8%) of which were BCG failure (high-grade recurrence) and five (31.2%) were low-grade recurrences. The median (range) time to overall recurrence was 7.3 (3.8-17.4) months. A significant association was found between the risk of tumour recurrence/BCG failure and post-BCG cystoscopy (odds ratio [OR] 10.0; P < 0.001 and OR 13.1; P < 0.001, respectively), post-BCG BE result (OR 16.9; P < 0.001 and OR 33.1; P < 0.001, respectively) and pre/post-BCG EpiScore value variation (OR 14.4; P = 0.001 and OR 7.1; P = 0.018, respectively). A nomogram including these three variables outperformed the Club Urológico Español de Tratamiento Oncológico (CUETO) risk tables to predict any bladder cancer event after BCG induction (area under the curve 95.1% vs 67.1%). Result validation in a larger and independent series is needed.The BE post-BCG status and variations in EpiScore values can help us identify patients at higher risk of any bladder cancer event and BCG failure promptly. These data can have an impact on disease management.
© 2025 The Author(s). BJU International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of BJU International.
Laboratori i Servei d'Urologia, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.Genètica i Tumors Urològics, Fundació de Recerca Clinic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
Laboratori i Servei d'Urologia, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Unitat de Bioestadística, Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
Laboratori i Servei d'Urologia, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.Genètica i Tumors Urològics, Fundació de Recerca Clinic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.Unitat de Genètica, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
Bladder EpiCheck clinical utility to predict BCG response in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Exosomes, which constitute a subclass of extracellular vesicles found in various body fluids, play a crucial role in intercellular communication. Exosomes consist of matter derived from their host, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and membrane proteins. Cancer cell-derived exosomes have cancer-specific molecules and are found in the body fluids. As such, they are highly useful in liquid biopsies for cancer diagnosis. For diagnosis, rapid and simple determination of the sampled exosomes is important. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) manipulation has the potential for use in liquid biopsies. DEP behavior based on variations in exosomes has not been well investigated. In this study, the dielectrophoretic characteristics of exosomes derived from four cancer cell lines were investigated: MCF-7, PC-3, HT-29, and COLO 201. The DEP crossover frequencies of these exosomes were determined by directly observing their DEP behaviors at various suspension medium conductivities. Each exosome type exhibited distinct dielectrophoretic characteristics, with significant differences in the lower crossover frequencies linked to variations in the membrane properties and inner conductivity. A single-shell dielectric model was used to estimate the dielectric and physical parameters of the exosomes, aligning with the experimental results. These findings highlight the potential of DEP for specific exosome separation, enabling rapid and simple exosome-based liquid biopsies for cancer diagnosis.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Dielectrophoresis Low and High Crossover Frequencies of Cancerous Exosomes.

The majority of individuals with hearing loss worldwide reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but there is limited information regarding the characteristics of hearing loss in these regions. This descriptive study aims to address this knowledge gap by analysing audiogram patterns in LMIC populations. Greater knowledge about the properties of hearing loss in LMICs allows for improved planning of interventions.Retrospective data from 23 collaborating centres across 16 LMICs were collected. All participants were adults seeking help for hearing problems. A machine learning approach was utilised to classify the hearing threshold data and identify representative profiles. The study comprised 5773 participants.The results revealed mildly sloping audiometric patterns with varying severity. The patterns differed from previous studies conducted in high-income regions which included more steeply sloping losses. The findings also indicated a higher proportion of more severe levels of hearing loss.These variations could be attributed to population-level differences in the causative mechanisms of hearing loss in LMICs, such as a higher prevalence of infectious disease-related hearing loss. The results may also reflect differences in health seeking behaviours. This study highlights the need for tailored, scalable, hearing interventions for LMICs.
Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
All Ears Cambodia, Phnom Pehn, Cambodia.
EARS Inc Hearing Clinic Centro Cristiano de Servicios Medicos, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
Faculty of Medicine Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.
Dr. S.R. Chandrasekhar Institute of Speech and Hearing, Bangalore, India.
All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, India.
ABC Hearing Clinic and Training Centre, Lilongwe, Malawi.
Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
Ear Centre, Green Pastures Hospital, International Nepal Fellowship, Pokhara, Nepal.
Department of Otolaryngology HSN, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
University of Santo Tomas, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Manila, The Philippines.
Russian Medical Academy for Continuing Professional Education, Moscow, Russia.
Laboratory of Hearing and Speech St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital, Apia, Samoa.
Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.
Koç University, Department of Audiology, İstanbul, Turkey.
Istanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey.
Istanbul Aydin University, İstanbul, Turkey.
Ankara University Ibni Sina Hospital, Audiology, Balance and Speech Disorders Unit, Ankara, Turkey.
Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa, İstanbul, Turkey.
Department of Audiology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa, İstanbul, Turkey.
Health Science University, İstanbul, Turkey.
Hearing loss configurations in low- and middle-income countries.

How phenotype varies across geographic space constitutes a key question in current evolutionary biology. Species with widespread geographic ranges are helpful models for examining phenotype variation patterns. Here we examined body size and tegmen shape variation in 12 populations of widespread agricultural pest Dichroplus elongatus collected in Central-West Argentina. D. elongatus showed significant phenotypic variation. Combining linear and geometric morphometric techniques reveals differences in body size and tegmen shape between sexes. General linear mixed models (GLMMs) analyses showed that body size is mainly associated with variables related to temperature of the warmest trimester and temperature annual range along a latitudinal gradient. Individuals achieve larger body sizes at colder areas with lower thermal amplitude. The GLMMs procedures to test allometries demonstrated that most of the analyzed traits scaled isometrically in both sexes indicating that the shape of the individual will not modify with changes in body size. Thorax length is the only trait that scaled hypoallometrically although there were sex-specific differences. Climatic conditions, mainly temperature and precipitations, molded isometric and allometric trait patterns. The detected clinal patterns of phenotypic variation of D. elongatus from Central-West Argentina is likely to be the result of local adaptation to temperature and phenotype plasticity along climatic gradients, and identify geographic areas in where this species showed bigger body size and would undergo greater dispersal capacity. Finally, our results offer insights into how environmental changes may impact the species dispersal and adaptability, advising targeted control and management strategies for this agricultural pest.
© 2025 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA) (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Geographic variation in body size and tegmen shape of the grasshopper Dichroplus elongatus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Central-West Argentina: morphological trait variation along environmental gradients.

This study investigates the delivery of a neutral solute through a porous-walled microtube with sinusoidal roughness under mixed electroosmotic flow pumping, using an external direct current electric field. The effects of various operating conditions, geometries, and properties of the wall, solute, and solvent are investigated. The novelty of this work lies in exploring the impact of sinusoidal roughness on the solute mass flux delivery. It is found that a higher relative roughness amplitude (𝛿 = 0.1) and roughness wavenumber (𝜆 = 12) decrease the average cross-sectional velocity by up to 31% by judiciously tuning the parameters for better solute delivery. The effects of roughness parameters (𝛿, 𝜆), tube length ( L ) $L)$ , mean tube diameter ( d m ) , ${d_m}), $ pump flow rate ( Q p ) , $({Q_p}),$ electric field strength ( E z ) , ${E_z}), $ wall permeability ( L p ) ${L_p})$ , trans-wall pressure drop ( Δ P w $Delta {P_w}$ ), real retention ( R r ) ${R_r})$ , solute diffusivity ( D ) $( D )$ , and osmotic pressure coefficient ( α 1 ) $({alpha _{1;}})$ on the solute permeation mass flux are quantified. Among these parameters, the effect of Δ P w $Delta {P_w}$ is the most dominant in increasing the solute permeation flux of the rough-walled microtube, compared to the smooth wall. For example, by changing Δ P w $Delta {P_w}$ from 5 to 20 kPa, the enhancement is about 16% in assisting flow and 19% in opposing flow. It is anticipated that the results of this study will provide valuable design perspectives for customized drug delivery systems using microfluidic channels, as well as enhance the understanding of nutrient transport in biological systems.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
Solute Delivery Through a Porous-Walled Microtube With Sinusoidal Roughness by Electroosmotic Pumping.

Cryopreservation of human semen is the cornerstone for preserving male fertility before gonadotoxic therapy or in cases of high variability in semen parameters. This is particular crucial in cases of severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT), where diminished sperm counts may compromise planned intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures. Previous investigations in donor programs have shown long-term storage effects, such as decreased motility in cryopreserved semen samples. However, these studies were based on patients exhibiting normozoospermic semen samples. To date, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of the effect of long-term cryostorage on sperm samples from individuals with compromised semen parameters.The aim of this study was to identify the effect of long-term cryostorage on semen parameters such as motility and vitality. Additionally, we sought to identify variables, which could aid in predicting motility and vitality following the freeze-thaw process.Within our center, we have archived sperm samples from 6022 patients cryopreserved between 2001 and 2019. Among these, 293 patients donated their samples for subsequent research following depot termination. We examined semen concentration, motility, morphology, and vitality of spermatozoa thawed after varying storage durations, alongside baseline metrics documented at the time of cryopreservation. Samples were stratified into three cohorts based on storage duration: 2.5 to ≤5 years, > 5 to ≤14 years, and > 14 years.Our analysis revealed no changes in motility (p = 0.44), vitality (p = 0.08), or morphology (p = 0.44) across the cohorts. Regression analysis demonstrated that initial motility and sperm concentration were significantly associated with post-cryostorage motility, whereas storage duration was not (p = 0.72). Similarly, there was no association between storage duration and post-thaw value 2 vitality (p = 0.64).The initial semen analysis as well as the evaluation of a short-term frozen sample immediately after cryopreservation, appeared to be the most important markers for predicting post-thaw motility and vitality.Our results demonstrate the reliability of long-term cryostorage of human spermatozoa for fertility preservation, even in individuals with constrained semen quality at the time of cryopreservation.
© 2025 The Author(s). Andrology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.
Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Initial motility and vitality predict the semen quality after long-term cryostorage, even in patients with restricted ejaculate parameters.

Retrospective multicenter cohort study.To investigate the incidence and risk factors of postoperative hip displacement following spinal fusion in nonambulant patients with spastic neuromuscular scoliosis.In patients with spastic neuromuscular disorders, spinal deformity, and hip displacement mutually influence each other; however, little is known about the clinical impact of spinal fusion on the incidence of hip displacement.We retrospectively analyzed nonambulant patients with spastic neuromuscular disorders undergoing primary fusion with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. The primary outcome was new postoperative hip displacement. To identify potential risk factors for postoperative hip displacement, an association analysis was conducted.We identified 67 eligible patients (29 males and 38 females) with a mean age of 14.1 years and a mean follow-up period of 49.4 months. Overall, 11 cases of postoperative hip displacement (10 up hip, and 1 down hip) were identified in 11 patients (16.4%). Patients with hip displacement were significantly more skeletally immature at surgery, had a significantly larger preoperative curve magnitude (115.6 vs. 97.5 degrees), larger correction of the Cobb angle (71.0 vs. 56.8 degrees), larger preoperative pelvic obliquity (36.2 vs. 24.3 degrees), and included a significantly higher proportion of cases with pelvic fixation (P=0.03). Compared with patients with nondislocated stable up hip joints, 10 patients with new up hip displacement had a significantly higher preoperative migration percentage (MP) in the up hip (40.6 vs. 31.4, P=0.047). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff value of the preoperative MP of the up hip for predicting postoperative displacement was 28.8 (sensitivity, 90.0%; specificity, 47.8%).When performing spinal fusion in patients with spastic neuromuscular disorders, especially in those with identified potential risk factors, patients and their caregivers should be informed preoperatively about the possibility of subsequent hip displacement.Level III.
Surgical Center.Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital.
Department of Spinal Surgery, Japan Community Health-Care Organization (JCHO) Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital.
Department of Orthopedics, Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled.
Department of Spine Surgery, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Postoperative Hip Displacement Following Spinal Fusion in Nonambulant Patients With Spastic Neuromuscular Scoliosis.

Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Colorado potato beetle, CPB) is a notorious pest of potatoes. Its hardened forewings, known as elytra, protect the hindwings and the abdomen against enemies and chemical pesticides. Ubx plays a crucial role in differentiating insect wings, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our research showed that Ubx is highly expressed in the T3 thoracic segment (T3) and appendages, while Ubx is absent in the forewings. RNA interference for Ubx resulted in the dorsal plate of the T3 being shifted toward the T2, hindwings were sheathed from the membranous in adults, and forewings were curling. The hindwing development-related genes downstream of Ubx, including LdDpp, LdIro, LdVg, LdWg, and LdASH, were significantly up-regulated in Ubx-inhibited insects compared with the control, by 2.40, 1.88, 1.81, 1.89, and 2.81 times, respectively. After feeding 20-hydrosyecdysone (20E), the forewing was flatter and more stretched than the control, leading to increased wing area, which indicates Ubx regulation is associated with the feedback of ecdysteroids. The expression levels of 3 ecdysteroid receptor genes EcR, EcRA, and EcRB were significantly lower in knocking down LdUbx insects than the control and was able to be recovered by 20E feeding, suggesting that ecdysteroid is associated with LdUbx-regulated wing development. Cosilencing LdUbx and LdAkt genes significantly inhibited the growth of forewings and hindwings, reducing the area of the wings. Together, our findings suggested that LdUbx regulates wing development along with ecdysteroid and insulin-like peptide signaling pathways, which provides a novel molecular mechanism of wing development and differentiation in insects.
College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Ultrabithorax regulates Leptinotarsa decemlineata wing development along with insulin and ecdysteroid signaling pathways.

International journal of oral implantology (Berlin, Germany)
Saving teeth versus dental implant replacement: A concerning trend.

Bruxism is repetitive masticatory muscle activity occurring during sleep or wakefulness. Once considered purely harmful, it is now recognized as having both risk (e.g., tooth wear, TMD) and protective roles (e.g., against sleep apnea, reflux). This study evaluated Finnish dental students' understanding of modern bruxism concepts and management.A 17-question survey was sent to all Finnish dental students (n = 1000), with 220 responses analyzed using SPSS (version 28) via chi-square and Spearman correlation tests.Knowledge improved with study progression (p < .001), and students with formal bruxism education answered more accurately (p < .001). However, misconceptions about occlusion as a cause increased with study progression (p = .009) and instruction hours (p = .018).While Finnish dental students demonstrate growing bruxism knowledge, outdated beliefs persist. Universities should update curricula with evidence-based content and promote critical evaluation of bruxism-related information.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Department or Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.Head and Neck Center, Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice
Self-assessed competence in relation to bruxism among undergraduate dental students in Finland.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil.Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil.
Predikta-Soluções em pesquisa, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil.Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Regional heterothermy in Megasoma gyas is not related to active heat dissipation by the horns.

UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.
Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2025-03-06;():.
Maybe Not the First Report Published, but Very Nice Techniques Described, Dual Chamber Leadless via the Internal Jugular Vein.

Silkworm is a typical monophagous insect that can only feed on fresh mulberry leaves. The mechanism for this monophagous nature is not fully understood. One bitter gustatory receptor (GR) GR66 located on the maxilla of the mouthpart has been reported to be an important factor influencing the feeding preference of silkworm. However, the preference of GR66 mutants for a nonhost plant was very low, suggesting that other factors related to silkworm monophagy need to be further explored. In this study, 10 bitter GRs were screened out based on their specific high expression in the maxilla of silkworm, and the 4 most expressed GRs (GR15, GR43, GR69, and GR66) were knocked out by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated nuclease 9. Feeding experiments showed that except for GR69-/-, the host range of GR43-/-, GR15-/-, and GR66-/- expanded remarkably, and both GR43-/- and GR66-/- revealed the highest preference for the nonhost plants. Moreover, the strict preference for mulberry leaves was almost eliminated in the double mutant silkworms of GR43-/- and GR66-/-. These results imply that it is likely that a variety of different bitter GRs are involved in determining the monophagy of silkworm larvae. In addition, GR15 mutation significantly inhibited ovarian development, resulting in a significant decrease in oviposition. These findings enhance our understanding of the monophagous nature of silkworms and provide a possibility for the molecular breeding of polyphagous silkworms in the future.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
Identification and function analysis of two new gustatory receptors related to silkworm monophagy.

Objective: Progressing respiratory weakness throughout the course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is clinically associated with distressing symptoms, including dyspnea, orthopnea, and difficulty clearing secretions. Fatigue, poor sleep, and reduced quality of life are also considered to be associated with declining respiratory function. Respiratory measurements guide prescription of interventions, which aim to alleviate symptoms. The relationships between respiratory measurements and patient reported symptoms are currently unclear. Method: The REVEALS study was a longitudinal, observational, multisite study of decline in respiratory function in people with ALS attending six European centers. Respiratory measures (forced and slow vital capacity (F/SVC), sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP), and peak cough flow) were collected, as were the presence of respiratory symptoms and simple quality of life, fatigue and sleep measures. We used Bayesian's multivariate models to explore the associations of the respiratory measures with outcome variables. Results: Two hundred and eighty participants completed in-person assessments over a median of 8 (IQR 2.3, 14.1) months, with 974 data collection timepoints. The probability of reporting symptoms including dyspnea, orthopnea, and difficulty clearing secretions increased with decreasing respiratory measurement scores. The probability of reporting moderately low quality of life and moderate fatigue also increased with decreasing test scores, but reported sleep quality was not associated with respiratory scores. Conclusion: Respiratory weakness in people with ALS was associated with symptoms including dyspnea, orthopnea, and difficulty clearing secretions. The probability of reporting symptoms increased incrementally as respiratory weakness increased, supporting the use of both respiratory measurements and the presence of symptoms in making decisions about clinical interventions.
Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
ALS Center, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.Neurology 1, Azienda Ospedale Università Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.Division of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
ALS Center, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and.Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and.
Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration
Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2025-03-06;():1-11.
Respiratory measurements, respiratory symptoms, and quality of life in ALS: results from the REVEALS study.

Obligate endosymbionts of sap-sucking auchenorrhynchan insects of Hemiptera colonize the bacteriomes and are transmitted vertically through the ovaries to the offspring of host insects, but the critical time of symbiont transmission and molecular mechanisms underlying the process remain unknown. We used histological and transmission electron microscopy, 16S rDNA amplification sequencing and transcriptome analyses to explore the vertical transmission of bacteriome-associated symbionts in the cicada Hyalessa maculaticollis. We find that the symbiont Candidatus Karelsulcia muelleri (hereafter Karelsulcia) proliferates and changes shape after the adult cicadas emerged for 3 h, which is then extruded to the hemolymph from the basal membrane of bacteriome units. The yeast-like fungal symbiont (YLS) harbored in bacteriome sheath cells is released freely along with Karelsulcia. As ovaries mature, Karelsulcia and YLS infect oocytes of cicadas that had emerged for 60 h, and begin to gather at the posterior pole of oocytes, where they form a symbiont ball in each oocyte. Expressions of genes associated with cytoskeletal organization, endocytosis, amino acid transporter and lipid synthesis increase in the newly emerged adults, mediating the transport of substances during the transmission of symbionts. The amino acid-sensitive mechanistic target of the rapamycin pathway is one of the crucial pathways coordinating the vesicle-mediated symbiotic transmission. The insulin signaling pathway potentially together with insect hormones synergically regulate insect fertility and affect yolk deposition, which is closely related to the symbiont infection of ovaries. This study highlights the importance of signaling pathways in regulating the vertical transmission of symbionts in sap-feeding auchenorrhynchan insects.
Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwest Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwest Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.College of Environment and Life Sciences, Weinan Normal University, Weinan, Shaanxi, China.
Critical time of transovarial transmission of bacteriome-associated symbionts and related molecular mechanisms in cicada Hyalessa maculaticollis.

Hyperacusis is a non-negligible clinical condition, but reports related to drug-induced hyperacusis are rare. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of drug-induced hyperacusis and to identify the top drugs that can cause hyperacusis through the FAERS database.We used the search term 'hyperacusis' to query all reports of hyperacusis in the FAERS database from 2004(Q1) to 2023(Q4), and extracted, cleaned, mined, and analyzed the data to retrieve the top medications that cause hyperacusis.A total of 2937 unduplicated reports of hyperacusis were found, and the top 10 drugs among them were screened. 6 of them had positive results for all 4 calculations, which was regarded as a strong signal. The likelihood of drug-induced hyperacusis varied considerably between sexes, with females being approximately 2.5 times more likely than males to develop druginduced hyperacusis.By analyzing the FAERS database, we listed drugs with strong hyperacusis that were not suggested on the label and analyzed that the cause of hyperacusis by these drugs is likely to be related to altered levels of 5-HT in the organism. Women are more likely than men to develop pharmacologic hyperacusis.
College of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
College of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Drug-induced hyperacusis: a disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database.

Insects can effortlessly walk on various substrate surfaces using attachment pads on their feet, even upside down on smooth surfaces. These pads undergo frequent deformation throughout the lifecycle of insects to achieve stable adhesion. Interest in insect adhesion spans 100s of years; studies have indicated the special mechanical properties and intricate structural design of insect attachment pads. However, the genetic basis of their function remains unclear. Resilin, an elastic protein widely distributed in insect exoskeletons, plays a crucial role in many physiological activities. Here, we identified a resilin-like protein in the Lepidopteran insect Bombyx mori and generated mutants for this gene. The resulting adults exhibited slipping phenotype and reduced attachment ability. Further behavioral investigations, microscopic observations and mechanical performance tests, confirmed that the mutation stiffened the attachment pads, reducing flexibility and effective contact area, which ultimately led to decreased adhesive ability in adults. Molecular-level analyses revealed that the resilin-like mutation led to differential expression of melanin metabolism-related genes, potentially explaining the hardening and abnormal pigmentation of the attachment pads. Our results provide genetic and phenotypic evidence demonstrating the significant role of resilin in insect attachment.
Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Mutation in Resilin reveals attachment impairment in Bombyx mori.

Poorly water-soluble drugs are common and challenging in pharmaceutical industry. The poor solubility can reduce the drugs' therapeutic efficiency and bioavailability. Improving the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs is a challenge and a main issue in the development and application of these drugs in pharmaceutical industry. Liposomes is phospholipid-based vesicular drug delivery system which act as drug carriers for both lipophilic or hydrophilic drugs and have the ability to solubilize the carried drugs. An innovative approach is the incorporation of cyclodextrins (CDs) into the liposomes encapsulating the drug molecules for improving safety and effectiveness of drug molecules by the use of water-soluble CDs properties, which allow the formation of CDs liposomes complexes with lipophilic molecules. CDs liposomes complex increases targeting effect, regulates drug release, improves drug properties and drug encapsulation efficiency. The aim of this review is to summarize the advantages and applications of liposomes incorporating CDs to enhance bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.
Liposomes incorporating cyclodextrins as a promising drug delivery system to augment the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.

Vasomotor symptoms (VMS), such as hot flashes and night sweats, are experienced by over 80% of women during menopause and can significantly impair quality of life. While hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the gold standard for managing VMS, concerns over its association with breast cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and thromboembolic events have led to increasing interest in nonhormonal alternatives. This review explores the efficacy and cardiovascular safety of nonhormonal treatments for VMS. Given the heightened risk of CVD in postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency, the ideal nonhormonal therapy should not only alleviate VMS but also mitigate cardiovascular risks. Various nonhormonal options, including lifestyle modifications, acupuncture, cognitive behavioral therapy, and pharmacological agents such as SSRIs/SNRIs, gabapentin, clonidine, and the emerging class of neurokinin-3 receptor antagonists, are examined. Clinical trials demonstrate that SSRIs (eg, paroxetine) and SNRIs (eg, venlafaxine) provide significant VMS relief, particularly for women who are unable to use HRT. Neurokinin-3 receptor antagonists, such as fezolinetant, show promising results in reducing hot flashes without affecting cardiovascular health. While more research is needed to further assess long-term outcomes, nonhormonal therapies present a viable and safer alternative for managing VMS, especially for women at risk for cardiovascular complications.
From the Department of Medicine, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY.
From the Department of Medicine, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY.Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY.
Nonhormonal Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause.

Radiation therapy is a widely used treatment for cancer, but it can have detrimental effects on the heart, leading to radiotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. This condition has become an area of increasing concern, especially as cancer treatments continue to evolve. This review aims to explore the recent literature on radiotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, focusing on the latest research published. The goal is to identify recent advances in understandings of the underlying mechanisms of damage, risk factors, screening modalities, risk stratification, and novel treatment strategies for mitigating radiotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. A narrative literature review of PubMed articles from the last 3 years was conducted to gather recent research on radiotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity including keywords such as cardiac complications, cardiotoxicity, radiotherapy, and radiation. This review identifies advances in understanding the mechanisms of cardiac damage, particularly the roles of humoral immunity and endothelial dysfunction. Recent studies have also highlighted key risk factors, including radiation dose, genetic predispositions, underlying cardiovascular conditions, and lifestyle factors. Additionally, the review emphasizes the need for enhanced surveillance and early detection of cardiotoxicity following radiation therapy, proposing a combined approach involving both imaging techniques and biomarker monitoring for more accurate assessment. Novel imaging methods and emerging biomarkers are being explored for their potential in improving detection and risk stratification. This review article also outlines the national guidelines and clinical recommendations for the prevention and management of radiotherapy-related cardiotoxicity. Despite these advancements, there remain significant gaps in understanding the full range of factors contributing to radiotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, including the genetic contribution and the interaction between radiotherapy and other cancer treatments with regard to their contributions to cardiotoxicity. Additionally, further research is indicated to further elucidate the mechanisms of damage and the significance of biomarker changes relating to cardiotoxicity. Overall, this review underscores the importance of ongoing research to mitigate the cardiovascular risks associated with radiotherapy.
From the Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY.
Depatment of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY.Depatment of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY.
Cardiac Complications of Radiation Therapy: A Narrative Review of Recent Literature.

Metopic craniosynostosis is often treated with endoscopic repair with helmeting in younger patients due to its safety profile. Spring-assisted open repair has shown utility in correcting hypotelorism in metopic craniosynostosis. This study presents the first report and early outcomes of endoscopic spring-assisted repair for metopic craniosynostosis.A retrospective review was performed on all patients who underwent endoscopic spring-assisted repair of metopic craniosynostosis at a single tertiary children's hospital. Patient demographics, perioperative outcomes, and 3D photograms were obtained. Intercanthal distance, interfrontal angle, Head Shape Anomaly Index (HSA), and intracranial volume were calculated from the 3D photograms.Three patients underwent spring-assisted endoscopic strip craniectomy between 2.8 and 5.8 months old. The average procedure time was 114.7 minutes, with an average blood loss of 95 mL; 2 patients required a small transfusion (<25 mL/kg). All patients were discharged postoperative day 1. Postoperatively, intercanthal distance improved from below average to average or above average, and the average interfrontal angle improved from 116.32 to 126.56 degrees. The average HSA improved from 1.32 presurgically to 1.13 postsurgically. The average volume difference compared with each patient's normative reference volume increased from 5.39 to 7.23 mL.This is the first report of early outcomes of spring-assisted endoscopic repair of metopic craniosynostosis. Perioperative safety outcomes were comparable to those in traditional endoscopic repair of metopic craniosynostosis. Morphologic outcomes were promising, as demonstrated by the improvement in intercanthal distance, interfrontal angle, and HSA. Future studies may compare the outcomes of this technique to those of traditional approaches.
Department of Pediatric Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado.Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Colorado.
Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.
Department of Pediatric Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado.Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO.
Department of Pediatric Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado.Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO.
Early Outcomes of Endoscopic Spring-Assisted Repair of Metopic Craniosynostosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common chronic disease, and fatigue significantly affects the quality of life of patients. This study examined the effects of a virtual group discussion-based self-management program on fatigue and quality of life in patients with MS. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 60 patients from the MS Association of Urmia in 2021, divided into control (30) and intervention (30) groups. The intervention group participated in 6 virtual discussions over a month, while the control group received no training. Fatigue and quality of life were evaluated before and after the intervention using standardized questionnaires. The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in fatigue and improvement in quality of life compared to the control group (P = .001). The virtual group discussion-based self-management program substantially enhances fatigue and quality of life in patients with MS, indicating its potential as an effective intervention.
Author Affiliations: Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (Ms Valinasab); Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (Drs Jasemi and Eghtedar); and Department of Biostatistics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (Dr Alinejad).
The Impact of a Virtual Group Discussion-Based Self-Management Program on Fatigue and Quality of Life in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

To assist in planning before the rhinoplasty approach, the authors aimed to investigate the changes in nasal morphometry that occur with age over a period of at least 10 years in the same individual.Fifty adult patients from the Turkish population, with at least 2 head and neck 3D reconstructive computed tomography scans taken at least 10 years apart, were retrospectively reviewed. Various angular and linear measurements of the nasal region were performed on the initial and final images, and the data were compared based on sex and age groups.In the study, it was found that all measured parameters showed statistically significant differences for both women and men after an average of 12.16 years. With aging, statistically significant increases were observed in NFRA, NMA, PNL, and NBH parameters in both sexes, while statistically significant decreases were noted in NFAA, NLA, NTA, GA, PA, and NTP parameters. When comparing the differences between the before and after data obtained from 3 different age groups, statistically significant changes were observed in each parameter.This study highlights significant age-related changes in nasal morphometry over a 10-year period in both men and women. These variations emphasize the importance of incorporating age-related anatomic changes in preoperative rhinoplasty planning. Understanding these changes can lead to more precise and individualized surgical outcomes, improving the overall effectiveness and safety of rhinoplasty procedures.
Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Nezahat Keleşoğlu Health Sciences.
Department of Radiology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine.
Department of Anatomy, Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
Changes in Nasal Morphometry With Aging for a More Accurate Rhinoplasty.

Panfacial fractures are caused by high-impact trauma and represent the most severe injuries to the face. The combination of these fractures determines the treatment strategy. The objective of this study was to analyze the treatment protocol for panfacial fractures at the Centro Médico ISSEMYM, to describe a new proposed protocol for the management of panfacial fractures and analyze the complication rate associated with this protocol.Eighteen patients with panfacial fractures were treated between January 2014 and June 2024. After clinical and radiological examination, patients with panfacial fractures defined as: fractures of at least 2 of the 3 facial thirds: upper facial third, middle facial third, and lower facial third were included in this study. The authors reviewed in-hospital medical records to collect data on the medical history, cause of injury, fracture location, treatment sequence, postoperative complications, duration of hospital stay, and computed tomography scans.The average age of patients was 45 years. The etiology of trauma was predominantly traffic accidents. A total of 108 fractures were recorded in 18 patients. Eight patients (44%) had frontal fractures (7%), 13 patients (72%) had mandibular fractures (18%), and all patients had fractures of midface in different combinations. Postoperatively, buccal occlusion was satisfactory. Computed tomography scans were taken to assess the adequacy of fracture reduction and fixation.The sequence used in the authors' center is safe, reliable and has shown adequate results, and also allows for adequate correction for this type of trauma in a single surgical procedure.
Craniofacial Surgery Service in Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez.
Centro Médico Lic. Arturo Montiel Rojas, ISSEMyM Toluca, Mexico City, Mexico.
Effective Management of Panfacial Fractures in a Craniofacial Trauma Center: A Retrospective Study.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has remained the leading cause of death among adults for more than one hundred years. With persistently suboptimal outcomes and a profound economic burden on our healthcare system, there is growing interest in alternative treatment approaches for CVD. One such approach is Tongxinluo (TXL) capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). TXL is commonly used in China and offers a potentially safe, efficacious, and cost-effective treatment option. To address the limited awareness of TXL in the United States, this narrative review will provide a broad overview of its composition, pharmacological mechanisms, and clinical applications.
From the Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY.
Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT.
The Role of Tongxinluo Capsule in Cardiac Disease: Composition, Mechanisms, and Applications.

Anti-programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 immunotherapy has greatly advanced lung cancer treatment; however, the symptom clusters experienced by patients during immunotherapy, their influencing factors, and the correlation with social support warrant further attention.The aims of this study were to explore symptom clusters in patients with lung cancer undergoing anti-programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 immunotherapy and investigate their relationship with social support.We studied 133 patients with lung cancer admitted to a Chinese oncology unit. A cross-sectional survey assessed symptoms using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory and social support using the Social Support Rating Scale. Sociodemographic and disease data were also collected. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify symptom clusters, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors.Patients experienced various symptoms, with fatigue and cough being the most common and severe. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 3 clusters: general, lung cancer-specific, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Logistic regression showed that male sex was associated with general and lung cancer-specific symptom clusters. In contrast, previous radiotherapy was associated with the gastrointestinal cluster (P < .05). Social support was negatively correlated with the severity of some symptom clusters.The 3 symptom clusters adversely affected patients undergoing immunotherapy. Low social support exacerbated symptom severity.Male patients should be monitored for general and lung cancer-specific symptoms, and those with a history of radiotherapy should be monitored for gastrointestinal symptoms. We recommend enhancing social support to alleviate symptom severity and tailoring symptom management strategies for individualized patient care.
Authors' Affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Symptom Clusters and Social Support in Patients With Lung Cancer Undergoing Anti-Programmed Death 1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 Immunotherapy: A Cross-sectional Analysis.

To investigate the clinical and pathologic characteristics of adverse reactions after minimally invasive facial cosmetic treatment and to summarize diagnostic and therapeutic experiences, providing reference for clinicians.Forty-five patients who experienced complications from minimally invasive facial cosmetic procedures and were treated at School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University between June 2014 and June 2024 were selected. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the diagnosis, treatment methods, and prognostic outcomes of these adverse reactions.The average age of patients is 41 years (26-63 y), including 44 females and 1 male. Injection/filler materials were recorded for 28 patients: 46.4% (n=13) received autologous fat, 17.9% (n=5) botulinum toxin, 17.9% (n=5) hyaluronic acid, 7.1% (n=2) thread lifting, and 3.6% (n=1 each) received combinations of botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid, silicone prothesis implants, or polyacrylamide hydrogel. Clinically, 97.8% (n=44) experienced local swelling, predominantly in the cheek (73.3%, n=33). Ultrasound showed low-density echoes in 77.8% (n=7) and non-contrast CT scans revealed soft tissue density masses in 66.7% (n=10). Twelve patients underwent surgical excision after conservative treatment failed. Pathologic findings included foreign body granulomas in 63.6% (n=7), lipogranuloma in 9.1% (n=1), chronic nonspecific inflammation in 18.2% (n=2), and epithelial dysplasia in 9.1% (n=1). All 12 surgical patients and the 33 non-surgical patients had favorable outcomes.Adverse reactions to minimally invasive facial cosmetic procedures mainly occur in the cheeks of middle-aged women, often pathologically diagnosed as foreign body granuloma. Conservative treatment is the primary approach, but surgical excision is effective for unresponsive cases.
State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University.
State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University.Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Managing Complications in Facial Cosmetic Treatment.

This study characterized central and peripheral adaptations to domain-specific endurance exercise training.Eighty-four young healthy participants were randomly assigned to age- and sex-matched groups of: continuous cycling in the 1) moderate (MOD)-, 2) lower heavy (HVY1)-, and 3) upper heavy-intensity (HVY2)- domain; interval cycling in the 4) severe-intensity domain (i.e., high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or 5) extreme-intensity domain (i.e., sprint-interval training (SIT)); or 6) control (CON). Two 3-week phases of training (three sessions per week) were performed. All training protocols, except SIT, were work-matched.Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), maximal cardiac output (Q̇max), derived maximal arterial-venous oxygen difference (a-vO2diff), blood volume (BV), plasma volume (PV), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived muscle oxidative capacity (τOxCap) were measured and compared at PRE and POST. The largest change in V̇O2max occurred in HIIT (0.43 ± 0.20 L·min-1), which was greater than CON (0.02 ± 0.08 L·min-1), MOD (0.11 ± 0.19 L·min-1), HVY1 (0.24 ± 0.18 L·min-1) and SIT (0.28 ± 0.21 L·min-1) (p < 0.05) but not HVY2 (0.36 ± 0.14 L·min-1) (p > 0.05). Changes in Q̇max were observed in HVY1 (1.6 ± 0.5 L·min-1), HVY2 (3.0 ± 0.6 L·min-1), HIIT (2.9 ± 1.2 L·min-1) and SIT (1.8 ± 1.4 L·min-1) (p < 0.05) but not in MOD (1.2 ± 0.3 L·min-1) and CON (0.1 ± -0.5 L·min-1) (p > 0.05). HVY2 and HIIT produced significant changes in BV ((438 ± 101 mL, and 302 ± 38 mL) and PV (198 ± 92 mL, and 158 ± 51 mL), respectively (p < 0.05) whereas other groups did not.No significant peripheral adaptations (i.e., τOxCap and a-vO2diff) were observed in any group (p > 0.05). The results indicate that higher training intensities (i.e., HVY2 and HIIT) produces larger changes in V̇O2max which is supported predominantly by central adaptations. Additionally, results suggest that, despite non-significant changes, the contribution of peripheral components to changes in V̇O2max should not be dismissed.
Copyright © 2025 by the American College of Sports Medicine.
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA.
Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, GERMANY.
School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, CANADA.
Medicine and science in sports and exercise
Changes in V̇O2max after 6 Weeks of Intensity Domain-Specific Training: Role of Central and Peripheral Adaptations.

Experiencing spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause several challenges and changes within romantic relationships immediately after injury and in the long-term. However, there is a lack of research concerning the formation, maintenance and adjustment of couple relationships post-SCI. This study uses qualitative methods to explore how SCI may impact on couple relationships.Four females and five males with SCI participated in a semi-structured interview. Some were with their current partner at the time of injury; others established their relationship following SCI. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.Analysis produced themes showing that communication, negotiating and maintaining clearly defined roles, mutual support and changing definitions of intimacy were important processes for adjustment and maintenance of romantic relationships following SCI.The study's results provide further insight into factors that are important for couples when maintaining and adjusting their relationship post-SCI. They have implications for healthcare providers, charities and other agencies supporting couples following SCI and for dyads learning to negotiate intimacy and relational challenges post-injury.
South Wales Doctoral Programme in Clinical Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Individuals are faced with several challenges following Spinal Cord Injury that require adjustment, creativity, openness and negotiation of roles within romantic relationships.Challenges included a change in identity and roles and the need to develop new ways of maintaining intimacy.Both those living with Spinal Cord Injury and their partners should be offered specialist support to aid this adaptation process, both shortly following injury and in subsequent years.Many of the points discussed in the study seem to resonate with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, which may be a useful model to use during couples therapy following Spinal Cord Injury.
He's my legs, I'm his rock : experiences of adaptation and change in couple relationships following spinal cord injury.

Complete microsurgical removal of pediatric brain tumors remains a significant prognostic factor, but it is still associated with a significant degree of morbidity and mortality. Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) has recently been proposed for tumor ablation as an alternative to microsurgery in deep or eloquent tumors. We describe our experience and outcomes of using MRgLITT to treat pediatric brain tumors and analyze its limitations and strengths.We performed a retrospective analysis of 24 consecutive pediatric patients with brain tumors who underwent MRgLITT at our center. Clinical, radiological, and surgical data were retrospectively reviewed.Twenty-five LITT procedures were performed on 24 patients. Median age at diagnosis was 7.5 years (range 1.2-15.09). The median tumor volume was 1.24 cm3. The cerebellum was the most common tumor location (11/24), followed by the cerebral hemisphere (7/24), thalamus (3/24), optic pathway (1/24), brainstem (1/24), and IV ventricle (1/24). Patients were followed for a median 3.2 (range 0.1-14.9) years. Of the 17 children with low-grade tumors, 11 underwent LITT at disease progression, and 6 underwent LITT at diagnosis. The 3-year PFS since the LITT was 100%. None of the children with low-grade tumors died. Of the seven children with high-grade tumors, 6 underwent the LITT procedure at disease progression. Four patients progressed and died after the LITT procedure, with an OS curve of 22.2% at 1.7 years after LITT.MRgLITT is a safe and effective approach for treating pediatric brain tumors with selected indications and has significant potential for use in several brain tumor treatment algorithms.
Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital (AORN), Naples, Italy - giuseppemirone79@gmail.com.
Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital (AORN), Naples, Italy.
Department of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital (AORN), Naples, Italy.
Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital (AORN), Naples, Italy.
Magnetic resonance guided laser interstitial thermal therapy in pediatric brain tumors: an institutional case series.

To explore therapists' experiences on what elements arm-hand rehabilitation should contain, their importance, and the information needed to apply them in clinical practice.This qualitative study, with an exploratory approach, used focus group discussions with purposive sampling. Based on Braun and Clarke's methodology, inductive thematic analysis was employed to develop themes, subthemes, and categories. The study included seven physiotherapists and seven occupational (≥2 year experience) therapists from three spinal cord rehabilitation wards in Belgium and the Netherlands.The data analysis revealed five major themes, i.e., gathering knowledge, the process of thinking and acting, practice beyond therapy, and motivation. The first theme involves collecting information about the person and their client system. The second focuses on the goal-setting process for a patient-tailored therapy plan, described in the third theme as goal task-oriented with an individualized therapy dose. The fourth theme highlights meaningful activities to enhance performance beyond therapy, while the fifth emphasizes maintaining motivation through rehabilitation.Therapists highlight centralizing the person and their social environment in arm-hand rehabilitation, leading to a personalized goal-setting process and a patient-tailored therapy plan incorporating meaningful tasks. This approach can increase therapy dose and improve patients' motivation.
Rehabilitation Research Center REVAL, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Rehabilitation Research Center REVAL, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.Research Centre for Autonomy and Participation for People with Chronic Illness, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
Adelante Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands.Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Pellenberg, Belgium.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Gent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Motivation is an important factor in engagement in the rehabilitation process and can be facilitated by therapists through setting personal and realistic goals in order to create a patient-tailored therapy plan for individuals with a cervical spinal cord injury.Incorporating meaningful tasks leads to more engagement in therapy and training moments beyond therapy in rehabilitation.Person and client system need to be central in the arm-hand rehabilitation processTherapy dose needs to be adapted to the patient’s personal load capacity; therefore, therapists need an objective way to measure the load capacity of a patient.
Therapists' perspectives on an interdisciplinary approach of arm-hand rehabilitation in cervical spinal cord injury: a qualitative study.

Housing First for Youth (HF4Y) is a youth-focused adaptation of the well-established Housing First (HF) approach to housing and service provision for individuals experiencing homelessness. Given that youth homelessness is associated with an increased likelihood of substance use issues, a central tenet of the HF4Y framework is the use of a harm reduction approach to substance use. However, research on HF4Y has yet to examine how harm reduction is specifically being implemented in these settings. This study addresses this gap by examining how the principles and philosophies of harm reduction were operationalized and implemented in an HF4Y program for youth experiencing homelessness and concurrent disorders. This study was part of a larger evaluation of a 5-year HF4Y research demonstration project - the Restart Project in Kelowna, British Columbia, and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Eight program leaders and service providers at the Kelowna site were interviewed to gather their perspectives on harm reduction delivery within the HF4Y program. Additionally, program documents and case management materials were analyzed to examine how harm reduction was operationalized and implemented through the guiding tools and resources available to staff for program delivery. Findings highlighted several ways in which harm reduction was being delivered within the HF4Y program, including working with youth to ensure safe substance use; connecting youth to services in the community; providing youth with individualized support; reducing stigma around substance use; and empowering youth who use substances. Barriers to harm reduction delivery were also identified, including a lack of low-barrier housing for youth who actively use substances and the expectations of some landlords. These findings emphasize the need for increased advocacy for housing options for youth experiencing homelessness and substance use issues and further research to address other contextual factors promoting and limiting harm reduction delivery in HF programming.
Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Canadian Mental Health Association Kelowna Branch, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
Journal of prevention & intervention in the community
J Prev Interv Community. 2025-03-06;():1-37.
Examining Harm Reduction in a Housing First for Youth Program for Youth Experiencing Homelessness and Concurrent Disorders in a Small Canadian City.

In a rapidly ageing population, virtual reality (VR) technology is emerging as a useful tool to meet the increasing demands for medical health, social interaction and entertainment for older adults. This study explores the factors influencing the acceptance of VR technology among older adults to boost their VR use. The acceptance model of VR technology among older adults was founded on the technology acceptance model and incorporated personal factors such as self-efficacy (SE), technology anxiety (TA), perceived enjoyment (PE) and self-satisfaction (SS). Results revealed that SE, PE and SS positively influence their intention to use VR technology, while TA has a negative impact.
School of Design, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
School of Maritime Economics and Management, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China.
This cross-sectional study investigates the VR technology acceptance among older adults. Results emphasise the value of personal factors in affecting the VR technology acceptance of older adults. Results can help VR technology manufacturers improve the VR design and usability for older adults.
Ageing in the digital age: what drives virtual reality technology adoption among older adults?

Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb), a 15,775 Da oxygen-binding protein, enhances intracellular oxygen transfer, improves the efficiency of oxygen use, and promotes organism growth and the desired metabolite production. Researchers have investigated VHb gene expression for two decades to enhance aerobic biological processes in diverse organisms. This review examines the protein structure, biochemical characteristics, genetic structure, cellular mechanisms of activity, and protein engineering of VHb. It then assesses the impact of VHb expression on the performance improvement of bacteria, fungi, plants, and mammalian cells in various biological processes. Finally, the article specifically discusses the VHb gene expression strategies in Streptomyces.
Research Center of Science and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology
Prep Biochem Biotechnol. 2025-03-06;():1-18.
Expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene in different organisms: a new approach to increase the efficiency of various biological processes.

to investigate whether muscle excitation during constant-work rate (WR) cycling is connected with total[Hb + Mb] and interact with oxygen uptake (V̇O2) dynamics.Experiment 1: ten participants performed a 21-min constant-WR (CWR) within the heavy-intensity domain (i.e., 75% of the difference between the gas exchange threshold and the maximal metabolic steady state), and a ramp-to-constant-WR (rCWR) to the same WR. CWR and rCWR were repeated twice and allocated in random order. Experiment 2: nine participants performed a double-constant-WR (dCWR) consisting of a 21-min exercise bout, a short 20-sec break, and a second bout of 21 min within the heavy domain. V̇O2, EMG root mean square (EMGRMS), total[Hb + Mb] and deoxygenated hemoglobin ([HHb]) were collected from the vastus lateralis. The EMGRMS/total[Hb + Mb] and EMGRMS/[HHb] ratios were computed.The EMGRMS was lower at min 1 and 7 and total[Hb + Mb] higher at min 1 during the rCWR compared to the CWR condition (all P < 0.05). EMGRMS displayed an overshoot at min 1 which was different from min 21 during the CWR condition (P < 0.05). EMGRMS did not display an overshoot following the 20 sec break during the dCWR condition. The EMGRMS/total[Hb + Mb] inverted ratio was not different from V̇O2 (%). The EMG magnitude of frequencies ranging from ~30-to-90 Hz was initially higher and decreased over time (P < 0.05).This study demonstrated that EMGRMS-derived muscle excitation can be reduced by exercise protocols that promote higher total[Hb + Mb]. Furthermore, the interaction between muscle excitation and total[Hb + Mb] matched with systemic V̇O2.
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, CANADA.
Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Bauru, BRAZIL.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, ITALY.
Oxygen Uptake Dynamics Conform to Acute Changes in Muscle Excitation and Total Hemoglobin Concentration during Constant-Work Rate Exercise.

We examined the relationship between Local Health Department STD program staffing and budget changes and county-level sociodemographic characteristics. We found two population-level sociodemographic characteristics associated with STD budget cuts. Although staffing cuts were observed, none of the sociodemographic characteristics examined were associated with STD staffing cuts.
Copyright © 2025 American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association. All rights reserved.
Staffing and Budget Levels at Local STD Programs by County-Level Sociodemographic Characteristics During COVID-19.

To identify and compare barriers and facilitators to implementing a spinal cord injury (SCI) peer mentorship program at two rehabilitation hospitals.24 participants from the two rehabilitation hospitals participated - 10 were from China and 14 were from Canada. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were used to collect data. A cross-case analysis based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was conducted.At an individual level, four common facilitators for both hospitals were: engaging patients with SCI, engaging health professionals, high-level leaders providing financial and instrumental support, and increasing health professionals' motivation to implement the program. Two common barriers were health professionals' low capability and opportunity to implement the program. At an organizational level, one common facilitator was a team culture characterized by openness to innovation and a strong commitment to prioritizing patients' needs. For the Canadian hospital, their partnership and connections with a community-based SCI organization and collaborative work infrastructure were facilitators. For the Chinese hospital, team separation within the local work infrastructure was a barrier.Multiple barriers and facilitators to implementing SCI peer mentorship programs were identified in two culturally distinct contexts. Assessing organizational needs and identifying available resources are key pre-implementation processes for rehabilitation hospitals to implement SCI peer mentorship programs.
Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.Centre for Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Research in Metropolitan Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
School of Health and Exercises Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Centre for Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Research in Metropolitan Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
The in- and out-patient rehabilitation period is an ideal time to establish peer mentorship relationships for individuals with spinal cord injury.Implementation of peer mentorship programs in rehabilitation hospitals relies on interprofessional collaboration between high-level leaders, health professionals, and spinal cord injury mentors who can take on different roles in the implementation process.Identifying available resources, such as partnerships with community-based spinal cord injury organization and human resources to lead the efforts, will facilitate the imitation of the implementation process.
Barriers and facilitators to implementing peer mentorship programs for individuals with spinal cord injury into rehabilitation hospitals: a multiple case study.

We model the Hartree-exchange-correlation potential of Kohn-Sham (KS) density-functional theory adopting a novel strategy inspired by the strictly correlated-electron limit and relying on the exact decomposition of the potential based on the exact factorization formalism. Starting with accurate density and conditional potential for a one-dimensional model of a stretched heteronuclear molecule, we provide a proof-of-principle example of an approximation that accurately reproduces the step of the exact KS potential without resorting to the KS orbitals, virtual or occupied. We also test our strategy using the approximate conditional potentials corresponding to the strictly correlated-electron and the exact-exchange functionals. The results are encouraging in that the initial approximations are modified in the qualitatively correct way: decreasing correlation in the former and increasing it in the latter.
© 2025 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France.
Modeling the Kohn-Sham potential for molecular dissociation with orbital-independent functionals: A proof of principle.

The ability to control chemical reactions by coupling organic molecules to confined light in a cavity has recently attracted much attention. While most previous studies have focused on single-mode photonic or plasmonic cavities, here we investigate the effect of hybrid metallodielectric cavities on photoisomerization reactions. Hybrid cavities, which support both photonic and plasmonic modes, offer unique opportunities that arise from the interplay between these two distinct types of modes. In particular, we demonstrate that interference in the spectral density due to a narrow photonic mode and a broad plasmonic mode that are coupled to each other enables hybrid cavities to provide an energy-selective Purcell effect. This effect enhances electronic relaxation only to the desired molecular geometry, providing the ability to increase the yield of photoisomerization reactions. As a test case, we study the asymmetric proton transfer reaction in the electronically excited state of 3-aminoacrolein. Our results, which are robust for a range of realistic cavity parameters, highlight the advantages of hybrid cavities in cavity-induced photochemical processes.
© 2025 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E28049 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Enhanced photoisomerization with hybrid metallodielectric cavities based on mode interference.

We introduce a novel signal enhancement technique, termed steadyDFS, for quadrupolar solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It can substantially increase the performance of double frequency sweeps (DFSs) for all half-integer quadrupolar spins (I = 3/2, 5/2, 7/2, and 9/2). In steadyDFS, the DFS and readout pulse are repeated multiple times with a repetition time of TR,DFS to generate a steady state that provides substantial sensitivity enhancement. Using a series of simulations, we show that steadyDFS can outperform conventional DFS methods, and enhancements per unit time of ∼5 to 21 can be achieved depending on the value of I. The sensitivity of steadyDFS is robust toward changes in repetition times and quadrupolar relaxation rates of the system. Moreover, steadyDFS is highly modular and can be combined with quadrupolar Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (QCPMG) detection. Using 39K (I = 3/2), 17O (I = 5/2), and 49Ti (I = 7/2) as representative challenging nuclei, we show that enhancements up to 46× can be realized experimentally via steadyDFS-QCPMG, translating to a 20× enhancement per unit time. We applied steadyDFS-QCPMG to protonated and deprotonated samples, as well as to samples with a diverse range of transverse relaxation times (i.e., T2/T2*), where steadyDFS-QCPMG can provide an enhancement per unit time of at least 7. For samples that are not amendable to QCPMG, we explored the use of steady-state free precession (SSFP). Although SSFP is fundamentally incompatible with steadyDFS, we show that beneficial results can be obtained when DFSs are combined with SSFP in an interruptive manner.
© 2025 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Enhancing half-integer quadrupolar solid-state NMR signals via steady states: A double frequency sweep-based approach.

Despite the capability of bis-(thio)carbohydrazones to coordinate metals and the remarkable biological properties of the resulting complexes, no general information is known about their individual behavior in solution. This study is focused on two recently synthesized compounds, a bis-thiocarbohydrazone (bis-TCH) and a bis-carbohydrazone (bis-CH) isolated as sodium salts, that have shown chelating properties toward copper(II) and zinc(II) metal ions along with promising cytotoxic activity. In this work, an integrated theoretical-computational, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and vibrational characterization of both bis-TCH and bis-CH anions in a non-protic solvent (dimethylsulfoxide) is presented to better elucidate their properties. Their protonic NMR spectra underline the presence of cis-trans, EE isomers, characterized by a significant conformational freedom at room temperature. The presence of oxygen or sulfur heteroatoms can tune the molecular conformational dynamics driving a different interaction with the solvent, as highlighted by density functional theory calculations and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate that a quantitative agreement with the NMR and Raman signals is achieved only when an explicit solvent description is included. The insights achieved by this study can contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of bis-carbohydrazones and bis-thiocarbohydrazones in solution, a crucial and mandatory step to improve the design of novel, more potent analogs.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43121 Parma, Italy.
Deepening bis-(thio)carbohydrazones conformational dynamics and hydrogen bond interactions in a non-protic solvent: DFT, molecular dynamics, NMR, and Raman investigations.

The water/electrode interface under an applied bias potential is a challenging out-of-equilibrium phenomenon, which is difficult to accurately model at the atomic scale. In this study, we employ a combined approach of density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function methods to analyze the influence of an external bias on the properties of water adsorbed on Au(111) and Pd(111) metallic electrodes. Our results demonstrate that while both Au and Pd-electrodes induce qualitatively similar structural responses in adsorbed water molecules, the quantitative differences are substantial, driven by the distinct nature of water-metal bonding. Our findings underscore the necessity of quantum-mechanical modeling for accurately describing electrochemical interfaces.
Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo SP 01140-070, Brazil.
Physics and Astronomy Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.
Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo SP 01140-070, Brazil.Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil.
Probing water-electrified electrode interfaces: Insights from Au and Pd.

The behavior of silver nitrate in non-aqueous liquid oligomeric media-aromatic and aliphatic diglycidyl ethers and aliphatic diamine-has been investigated. By employing UV-visible spectrophotometry and dynamic light scattering, it has been shown that in diglycidyl oligomers, regardless of the nature of the monomeric unit, the formation of silver nanoparticles occurs, and the kinetics of this process has been studied. At the same time, in the medium of aliphatic diamine, the reduction of silver ions is absent, indicating the formation of a complex compound. XANES and EXAFS confirmed the formation of such a complex, established the probable coordination number of silver equal to three, and characterized the nearest atomic environment of silver. The SAXS results indicate the formation of complexes of extended conformation environment associated oligodiamine molecules, which favors the formation of an extended network of associates. The SAXS data were used to calculate the composition of the mixture of complexes and associates of diamine molecules for a saturated solution of silver nitrate in diamine. The results of this work will be used to develop new oligomer-silver nanocomposites with unique optical and bactericidal properties.
A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31, Bldg. 4, Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia.
A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics, National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, 59, Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119333, Russia.
National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, 1, Ploschad' Akademika Kurchatova, Moscow 123182, Russia.MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78, Vernadskogo Prospekt, Moscow 119454, Russia.
MIREA - Russian Technological University, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, 86, Prospekt Vernadskogo, Moscow 119571, Russia.
Structure and supramolecular organization of silver nitrate modified epoxy or amino terminated liquid oligoethers.

Division of Neuro-Anesthesiology, International Institute of Neurosciences, Aster Whitefield Hospital, Bengaluru, India - balamedicine04@gmail.com.
Department of Neurosurgery, International Institute of Neurosciences, Aster Whitefield Hospital, Bengaluru, India.
Preoperative evaluation of glottis and trachea using mixed reality technology in neurosurgical patients.

2D porous material supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) have demonstrated great potential for CO2 separation and purification, outperforming the original porous material. However, the working mechanism behind their enhanced CO2 selectivity remains unclear. In this study, we have conducted molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the CO2/N2 separation performance and the underlying mechanism of SILMs taking 2D rhombic N-graphdiyne (r-N-GDY) with intrinsic high thermal stability and porous structure covered with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as the representative SILM model. We found that the increase in the SILM thickness can decrease the permeance of CO2 and N2 but can effectively increase the CO2/N2 selectivity. The optimal SILM thickness is found to be 0.6 nm with the permeance reaching 5.7 × 105 GPU for CO2 and the selectivity being up to 25.8, which is 15 times higher than the 1.7 of bare r-N-GDY. This is because CO2 encounters a much lower transmembrane energy barrier than N2. At the molecular level, it is fascinating to observe a cation-gating mechanism, where IL cations play a determinative role in CO2 selectivity. More specifically, the IL cations normally bind at the pore site, like a closed gate for gas. When a CO2 molecule approaches the pore, the IL cation moves away; thus, the gate is opened for CO2 translocation. In contrast, N2 molecules are incapable of opening the cation gate. Such a cation-gating process guarantees the high selectivity of SILMs. This study offers insight into enhanced CO2 selectivity and provides theoretical guidance for designing nanocomposite membranes for gas or water treatment.
School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
A cation-gating mechanism for enhanced CO2/N2 separation by porous nanostructure supported ionic liquid membrane.

Department of Anesthesiology, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul Health Science University, Istanbul, Türkiye - enginihsan@hotmail.com.
Department of Anesthesiology, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul Health Science University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Department of Anesthesiology, Basaksegir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Evaluation of the serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block for postoperative analgesia in posterior cervical stabilization surgery.

New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.Corresponding Author: Leslie Citrome, MD, MPH, 11 Medical Park Drive, Suite 102, Pomona, NY 10970 (nntman@gmail.com).
Understanding the Tolerability Profile of Xanomeline-Trospium Combination for the Treatment of Schizophrenia.

School of Nursing and Midwifery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran.
Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services
J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2025-03;63(3):3-4.
Big Data-Derived Population Studies and Mental Health Disparities.

© Copyright 2025 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York.New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.Corresponding Author: John C. Markowitz, MD, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, Unit #129, New York, NY 10032 (jcm42@cumc.columbia.edu).
Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.
College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York.New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
Back to the Office: The Room Where It Happens?

J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2025-03;63(3):5-6.

Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.CADE Clinic and Mood-T, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.Corresponding Author: Gin S. Malhi, MBChB, BSc(Hons), MSt, MD, FRCPsych, FRANZCP, The University of Sydney Department of Academic Psychiatry CADE Clinic, Main Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (gin.malhi@sydney.edu.au).
Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.CADE Clinic and Mood-T, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.
A New Tool to Refine Lithium Therapy: A Simple Formula for a Complex Problem.

Utilizing the Zeeman Faraday effect in atomic vapor cells, a novel setup is introduced both for laser intensity stabilization and laser intensity modulation. The method is based on the closed loop control of the polarization rotation angle of the laser light in an atomic vapor cell for adjustment of the laser intensity. Characterizing the implemented setup, it is shown that more than 30 dB attenuation of the optical fluctuation is achieved in the frequency range from DC to 1 kHz. Meanwhile, the laser intensity could be efficiently locked to a modulating voltage signal, which results in amplitude modulation of the laser beam. We believe that this simple method could be effectively used in different atomic physics experiments, including the stabilization of the laser intensity in applications where near resonance frequency sweeping is required or applications that contain optical modulation of lasers in lock-in detection schemes.
Quantum Resonance Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Tehran, 143-9955961 Tehran, Iran.
School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering, and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, BT3 9DT Belfast, United Kingdom.
A novel laser intensity stabilization and modulation method based on utilization of Zeeman-Faraday effect in atomic vapor cells.

To evaluate the impact of the emergency department (ED) Multi-Visit Patient (MVP) Program, a novel team-based approach to supporting patients with frequent ED utilization.The ED MVP Program identified patients with frequent ED visits, conducted comprehensive chart reviews, and implemented tailored care plans to address healthcare barriers and social determinants of health. A comparison group included eligible patients who did not receive the intervention as well as those not yet treated at a given month. We conducted a quasi-experimental study using difference-in-differences analysis with dynamic effects.Acute care utilization (ED visits, observation stays, inpatient admissions) and 30-day readmission data were extracted from the electronic health record system across a multi-hospital not-for-profit healthcare system in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area.Compared with controls, patients receiving ED MVP intervention had 1.94 fewer acute care hospital visits (95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.54, -1.34) and 2.42 fewer days of acute care utilization (95% CI: -3.19, -1.64) in the following 12 months. There was also a small reduction in 30-day inpatient readmissions, averaging 0.08 fewer readmissions (95% CI: -0.16, -0.01).This study provides strong evidence for the effectiveness of a tailored care intervention to reduce acute care utilization among patients with frequent ED utilization.
Health Economics and Aging Research Institute, MedStar Health Research Institute, Columbia, Maryland, USA.
Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade, Sejong, Korea.
Emergency Medicine, MedStar Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Interdisciplinary Team-Based Intervention to Reduce Acute Care Utilization Among Emergency Department Multi-Visit Patients.

High-frequency technological low-temperature plasmas play a key role in various industrial processes of high societal relevance, such as semiconductor manufacturing and gas conversion. Due to their complexity, the fundamentals of their operation are typically not understood and process development is done empirically. The continuous increase in process requirements with respect to precision and reproducibility, however, necessitates knowledge-based approaches toward process development and monitoring. Diagnostic techniques used for this should be non-invasive, have short measuring times, and have low equipment costs. A valuable tool to understand plasma processes is to measure the spatio-temporally resolved dynamics of energetic electrons with phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy (PROES), as these electrons generate the plasma through ionization and reactive radicals through dissociation of the neutral gas. However, PROES is typically performed based on expensive intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) cameras, is slow, and requires large windows for optical access to the plasma, which do not exist in commercial reactors. To overcome these limitations, we present a modified version of this diagnostic, Fiber PROES, which is based on an optical fiber in combination with a photo-multiplier tube operated in a photon-counting mode. Compared to classical PROES, only a small fiber access port is required, which is typically available in commercial plasma reactors, the costs are strongly reduced, and the measurement speed is increased. We demonstrate that Fiber PROES yields similar results compared to classical ICCD-camera-based PROES by comparing measurements taken in geometrically symmetric capacitively coupled radio frequency plasma based on both PROES variants.
Chair of Applied Electrodynamics and Plasma Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
Fiber PROES: Phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy via optical fibers for knowledge-based plasma process development and monitoring.

Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein that is highly expressed in nasal polyp (NP) tissues in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study investigated the cellular source of periostin in sinonasal tissues and the mechanism of IL-13-induced periostin production in nasal epithelial cells.The amount and localization of the periostin protein and mRNA were examined via immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization analysis in control subjects and subjects with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) and non-ECRS. The expression levels of periostin and type 2 inflammatory cytokines in the tissue were measured by protein and mRNA levels. Normal human nasal epithelial cells were cultured in the presence of IL-13, and the effect of the specific inhibitors, leflunomide, PD98059, or PS1145, on periostin production was evaluated.Periostin was mainly deposited in the subepithelial region of NP tissues in ECRS and was more highly expressed than in non-ECRS (p < 0.01) and control subjects (p < 0.001). The number of periostin mRNA-positive basal epithelial cells was significantly increased in NP tissues in ECRS. The IL-13 concentration was strongly correlated with periostin expression in the tissues (p < 0.0001, r = 0.8802). Periostin production was much greater in differentiated cells under long-term stimulation with IL-13 than in ciliated cells, and this effect was attenuated by leflunomide and PD98059, but not by PS1145.NP tissues from ECRS patients exhibit increased type 2 inflammatory cytokines and periostin. Nasal epithelial cells, particularly basal cells, are an important source of periostin. Exposure to IL-13 is important for periostin production from nasal epithelial cells.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan.
Division of Allergy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
International forum of allergy & rhinology
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2025-03-06;():e23559.
IL-13-Induced Periostin Expression is Increased in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) is a Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) therapy that improves pulmonary function and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in cystic fibrosis (CF) adults with at least one copy of the F508del CFTR mutation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of ETI on CRS symptoms in children and adolescents with CF.The MODUL-CF observational study is a multicenter prospective cohort study enrolling CF children with at least 1 F508del mutation in France. Subjects answered a standardized questionnaire on nasal obstruction and smell and were invited to complete the Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey (SN-5) questionnaire prior to ETI therapy and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months ETI. Part of the cohort underwent sinus computerized tomography (CT) within an ancillary study, scored by the Lund-Mackay CT score (LMKS).Of 391 subjects, 94 (24.0%) were aged between 6 and 12 years, and 297 were adolescents. Sixty-four (16.3%) reported nasal obstruction at baseline. One hundred and sixty-three completed the SN-5 questionnaire at M0, 181 at M12, and 123 at M0 and M12. Mean SN-5 global score baseline value was similar to that of a healthy pediatric control cohort. SN-5 global score, nasal obstruction, sinus infection, and emotion domain subscores improved significantly at 1 month and this was sustained over 12 months. LMKS improved significantly in 43 patients who underwent sinus CT at M0 and M12.ETI improves sinonasal symptoms and related quality of life (QOL), including emotion domain, in children and adolescents with CF.
© 2025 The Author(s). International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy and American Rhinologic Society.
Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie, Hôpital Necker Enfants malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Mucoviscidose et Maladies Apparentées, Hôpital Necker Enfants malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre, Paris, France.Centre de Ressources et de Compétence pour la Mucoviscidose, Hôpital Mignot, Versailles, France.
Centre de Ressources et de Compétence pour la Mucoviscidose, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Centre de Ressources et de Compétence pour la Mucoviscidose, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Rennes, France.
Centre de Ressources et de Compétence pour la Mucoviscidose, Hôpital La Timone-Enfants, Marseille, France.
Centre de Ressources et de Compétence pour la Mucoviscidose, Hôpital Renée Sabran, Hospices civils de Lyon, Giens, France.
Centre de Ressources et de Compétence pour la Mucoviscidose, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Reims, France.
Centre de Ressources et de Compétence pour la Mucoviscidose, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Clermont Ferrand, France.
Centre de Ressources et de Compétence pour la Mucoviscidose, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Rouen, France.
INSERM U1151, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Mucoviscidose et Maladies Apparentées, Hôpital Necker Enfants malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre, Paris, France.
Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Mucoviscidose et Maladies Apparentées, Hôpital Necker Enfants malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre, Paris, France.INSERM U1151, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.European Rare Disease Network-Lung, Frankfurt, Germany.
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2025-03-06;():e23557.
Beyond the Lung. Impact of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor on Sinonasal Disease in Children With Cystic Fibrosis.

'How much sleep does one need?' is a critical question that has been difficult to answer. The long history of sleep research has culminated in population-derived normative values of 7 to 9 h of sleep per night to avoid dysfunction. Such a wide range is sufficiently large that one cannot know what is required for any given individual. 'Sleep need' cannot currently be directly measured, might not be represented by one number (given the multiple functions that sleep subserves), and likely varies from individual-to-individual and from day-to-day. This said, the concept should be embraced and can be considered alongside more easily operationalised and routinely measured constructs of 'sleep opportunity' (e.g., time in bed) and 'sleep ability' (i.e., the obtained sleep, such as sleep duration). Considering the dynamics of all three constructs together may drive greater understanding about sleep health, sleep insufficiency, and sleep disorder pathology. In this article, we describe a new theory called Sleep Opportunity, Need, and Ability and provide a rationale for why this theory has both theoretical and clinical value.
© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Sleep Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Sleep Research Society.
Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute: Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Sleep Opportunity, Need and Ability (SONA) Theory.

Patients often seek care for mental health conditions through the emergency department, however, there are many concerns with the provision of mental health care in the emergency department. This includes workflow issues at odds with mental health care needs, a challenging environment, staffing issues, and long waits for definitive mental health care in a practice known as boarding. While there are several articles on emergency nurses' perceptions of caring for mental health patients in general, there is little research on non-mental health aspects of emergency department care for mental health boarders.This qualitative descriptive study aimed to explore bedside emergency nurses' perceptions on non-mental health aspects of emergency department care that impact the care of mental health boarders. A purposive sample of current bedside emergency registered nurses in the United States was used. Data collection occurred via 1-on-1 semi-structured interviews with an interview guide informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior.Eighteen emergency nurses participated in this study. Four themes were discovered: emergency department workflow and overcrowding, emergency department physical environment, activities of daily living, and lack of distractions.Adequate resources including staffing and supportive workflows are needed to provide quality care to mental health boarders. Safe, calming environments are needed to prevent deterioration, which may require structural changes to emergency departments or the use of spaces outside the emergency department.
Copyright © 2025 Emergency Nurses Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Emergency Departmental Barriers to Caring for Mental Health Boarders.

Peripheral venous catheterization is a frequent procedure in pediatric emergency departments. However, a substantial percentage of these catheters remain unused and triage systems could potentially predict catheter utilization. Therefore, this study aimed to correlate the utilization of pediatric peripheral venous catheters with the reason for consultation and the priority level assigned according to the Manchester triage system.A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the emergency department of Vinalopó University Hospital, Elche, Spain. Medical records of patients aged 0 to 14 from 2010 to March 2024 were analyzed. The study included children who had a peripheral venous catheter placed during their stay in the department.In 45% of the cases, the peripheral venous catheter was not used after placement. Significant relationships were identified between the reason for consultation and the priority level with catheter utilization (P<.001). Catheters were most frequently used in children presenting with vomiting (73.9%), abdominal pain in children (62%), and limb problems (59.1%). Regarding priority, catheters were more commonly used in children triaged as yellow (urgent priority) (56.2%).Nearly half of the peripheral venous catheters placed in pediatric emergency services may remain unused. Nevertheless, they are more frequently used in children triaged for the consultation reasons of vomiting, abdominal pain in children, and limb problems and those assigned a yellow priority.
Manchester Triage System as a Predictive Model for Early Placement of Peripheral Venous Catheters in a Pediatric Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Department of Ophthalmology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France.
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Paris Cité, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Wide-Field Imaging of a Large Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma in a 13-Year-Old Boy.

Ophthalmic Center for Imaging and Laser, Paris, France; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France.
Ophthalmic Center for Imaging and Laser, Paris, France; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Paris Est - Créteil, Créteil, France.

Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Cutaneous Granulomatous Inflammation in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease.

To investigate the most prevalent diagnosed conditions contributing to health care visitations in a defined US population by age and racial group, educational level, and socioeconomic deprivation.The Rochester Epidemiology Project is a medical records-linkage system that captures medical care provided to residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota. The Rochester Epidemiology Project was queried for all Olmsted County residents. International Classification of Diseases codes were obtained for individuals included in the project between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019, and they were categorized into 46 broad disease groups. Age- and sex-specific prevalences were estimated by dividing the number of individuals within each group by the corresponding population.In total, 154,254 individuals were included, and 122,627 (65,782 [53.6%] female) had at least one diagnosis of interest. Arthritis/joint disorders and back problems (ie, musculoskeletal disorders) were the most prevalent across all ages (42%), followed by skin (40%) and anxiety/depression/bipolar disorders (24%). Lower education and a higher area deprivation index score were associated with certain modifiable chronic diseases.Musculoskeletal diseases were the most prevalent diagnosed conditions contributing to health care visitations within a defined US population. Individual level of education and socioeconomic deprivation were associated with modifiable diseases. An emphasis on effective diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal conditions in health care delivery models and more focused preventative efforts in disadvantaged communities are imperative.
Copyright © 2024 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN.
Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN.
Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN.
Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN. Electronic address: abdel.matthew@mayo.edu.
A Contemporary Assessment of the Prevalence of Chronic Diseases That Contribute to Health Care Utilization.

Opioids are considered the gold standard for controlling postoperative acute pain. However, side effects such as nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, and pain sensitization have gained significant attention. The risks are higher in children with enlarged tonsils and sleep apnea, making effective pain management while minimizing analgesia-related side effects a pressing concern.This was a randomized (1:1), single-blind, parallel-group superiority trial.A prospective single-blind study was conducted with 44 children aged 3 to 7 years who planned to undergo tonsillectomy under general anesthesia. They were randomized into two groups: the experimental group and the control group using computer-assisted randomization. The control group received standardized opioid drugs for general anesthesia induction and maintenance. In the experimental group, the opioid drugs used for anesthesia induction and maintenance were replaced with nonopioid alternatives such as esketamine and dexmedetomidine. The primary outcome of interest was the pain score within 48 hours after surgery, while the secondary outcomes included the time to first food ingestion, sleep quality, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, insufficient analgesia, number of children requiring hydromorphone rescue analgesia, and differences in psychological symptoms such as excitement and hallucinations, postoperative bleeding, and caregiver satisfaction.The experimental group experienced significantly lower pain scores within 48 hours post surgery compared with the control group, with statistical significance at P less than .01 for 6, 12, and 24 hours, and at P less than .05 for 48 hours post surgery. In terms of the incidence of adverse events, children in the experimental group reported better sleep quality, less nausea and vomiting, and needed fewer instances of hydromorphone rescue analgesia than those in the control group. Additionally, the experimental group had higher caregiver satisfaction (P < .05).Nonopioid anesthesia and analgesia regimens can improve pain scores within 48 hours after tonsillectomy in children, improve sleep quality, shorten the time to first food ingestion, reduce the incidence of insufficient analgesia and nausea and vomiting, and increase caregiver satisfaction.
Copyright © 2025 The American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Department of Anesthesiology, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, JingHong, YunNan Province, China. Electronic address: uluem21@qq.com.
Department of Anesthesiology, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, JingHong, YunNan Province, China.
Department of Gynaecology, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, JingHong, YunNan Province, China.
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Proctology, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, JingHong, YunNan Province, China.
Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses
Optimizing the Recovery of Pediatric Tonsillectomy: Application of Opioid-Free Anesthesia and Analgesia.

The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2025-03-03;():.
Discussion to: Twenty-five years of Ross operation in adults: The inclusion technique keeps up the expectations.

Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, Shanxi, China.
Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, China.
Assessing the role of induction Therapy and resection in esophageal cancer.

In this work, multiscale techniques to model the pressure driven and electroosmotic flows in porous materials with paper-like microstructures are studied and applied. The multiscale technique is based on the definition of a representative volume element (RVE) of the material, where the microstructure is built from connected channels, where the fluid moves inside the void of the porous material. For fluid flow, the velocity is solved under incompressible flow conditions in the Stokes regime at the microscale level, while the homogeneous Darcy problem is solved at the macroscale level. Similarly, for electroosmotic flow, the velocity and pressure are also solved at the microscale under incompressible flow conditions in the Stokes regime. However, in this case a Helmholtz-Smoluchowsky term is considered at the surface of the solid microstructure. Such term is calculated by solving the electric field via the charge conservation equation. Consequently, the electroosmotic velocity is included in the fluid dynamic problem as a boundary condition, significantly reducing the computational demand. Afterward, once the homogenized velocity field of the microscale problem is obtained, an effective pressure-based permeability and an effective electroosmotic permeability are estimated at the macroscale. To validate the results, a comparison is made with experimental data and other numerical studies reported in the literature for common papers used in microfluidics, such as Whatman # $#$ 1 and Munktel 00A, but also through comparisons with direct numerical simulations. Finally, we propose a microcell structure for representing such papers for matching fluid flow and electrical properties. With such topology, electroosmotic and mixed fluid flow are solved in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the multiscale technique for representing different phenomena involved in paper-based microfluidics. With these microcells will be also possible to predict other physicochemical phenomena which are important for paper-based microfluidics such as capillary imbibition or scalar dispersion, among others.
Centro de Investigación en Métodos Computacionales (CIMEC, UNL-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas (FICH-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Centro de Investigación en Métodos Computacionales (CIMEC, UNL-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas de Información, FRSF-UTN, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Multiscale Formulation for Assessment of Electroosmotic Flow in Paper-Based Microfluidics.

To develop a machine learning (ML) algorithm capable of identifying children at risk of out-of-home placement among a Medicaid-insured population.The study population includes children enrolled in a Medicaid accountable care organization between 2018 and 2022 in two nonurban Ohio counties served by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services-funded Integrated Care for Kids Model. Using a retrospective cohort, we developed and compared a set of ML algorithms to identify children at risk of out-of-home placement within one year. ML algorithms tested include least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-regularized logistic regression and eXtreme gradient-boosted trees (XGBoost). We compared both modeling approaches with and without race as a candidate predictor. Performance metrics included the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the corrected partial AUROC at specificities ≥ 90% (pAUROC90). Algorithmic bias was tested by comparing pAUROC90 across each model between Black and White children.The modeling dataset was comprised of Medicaid claims and patient demographics data from Partners For Kids, a pediatric accountable care organization.Overall, XGBoost models outperformed LASSO models. When race was included in the model, XGBoost had an AUROC of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77-0.79) while the LASSO model had an AUROC of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74-0.77). When race was excluded from the model, XGBoost had an AUROC of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.74-0.77) while LASSO had an AUROC of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.72-0.74).The more complex XGBoost outperformed the simpler LASSO in predicting out-of-home placement and had less evidence of racial bias. This study highlights the complexities of developing predictive models in systems with known racial disparities and illustrates what can be accomplished when ML developers and policy leaders collaborate to maximize data to meet the needs of children and families.
© 2025 The Author(s). Health Services Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
IT Research & Innovation, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Center for Child Health Equity and Outcomes Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms Identifying Children at Increased Risk of Out-of-Home Placement: Development and Practical Considerations.

Endocrine Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood DETEV, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Economics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, and Morpho-functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Endocrine Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood DETEV, University of Messina, Messina, Italy - rmruggeri@unime.it.
Minerva Endocrinol (Torino). 2025-03-06;():.
Oxidative balance in Graves' disease: advanced glycation end products and paraoxonase as potential markers of oxidative stress.

Protein homeostasis is critical to the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. While this is targeted with proteasome inhibitors, mRNA translation inhibition has not entered trials. Recent work illustrates broad sensitivity MM cells to the translation inhibitor omacetaxine. We hypothesized that understanding how MM becomes resistant will lead to the development of drug combinations to prevent or delay relapse. We generated omacetaxine resistance in H929 and MM1S MM cell lines and compared them to parental lines. Resistant lines displayed decreased sensitivity to omacetaxine, with EC50 > 100 nM, compared to parental sensitivity of 24-54 nM. Since omacetaxine inhibits protein synthesis, we performed both RNA-sequencing and ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) to identify shared and unique regulatory strategies of resistance. Transcripts encoding translation factors and containing Terminal OligoPyrimidine (TOP) sequence in their 5' UTR were translationally upregulated in both resistant cell lines. The mTOR pathway promotes the translation of TOP motif containing mRNAs. Indeed, mTOR inhibition with Torin 1 restored partial sensitivity to omacetaxine in both resistant cell lines. The combination was synergistic in omacetaxine naïve MM cell lines, and a combination effect was observed in vivo. Primary MM cells from patient samples were also sensitive to the combination. These results provide a rational approach for omacetaxine-based combination in patients with multiple myeloma, which have historically shown better responses to multi-agent regimens. Implications: Through the use of ribosome profiling, our findings indicate mTOR inhibition as a novel combination therapy for partnering with the translation inhibitor omacetaxine in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States.
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, United States.
Ribosome Profiling Reveals Translational Reprogramming via mTOR Activation in Omacetaxine Resistant Multiple Myeloma.

To test the hypotheses that declining cognitive aging trajectories would increase mortality risk and that predictors of mortality would differ between trajectory groups.This is a sub-study of the ZARADEMP project studying dementia and depression in older adults aged 55 years or more, conducted in Zaragoza, Spain, including 2403 cognitively healthy individuals who had completed at least three of the four waves in a 12-year follow-up. The three cognitive trajectories previously identified were based on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Mortality information obtained from the city's official population registry was registered up to 6 years after the end of the fourth wave of the study. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses for analyzing the risk of death were performed globally and for each cognitive trajectory.At follow-up, 42.4% of the participants had died. Individuals in class 2-moderate-stable and in class 3-low-and-declining had a 24% and 96%, respectively, higher risk of mortality than those in class 1-high-to-moderate. Those younger and women showed significant lower risks of death in all the classes. Being single, with diabetes, dependency in basic Activities of Daily Living, ex-drinkers, smokers, and ex-smokers increased the risk in class 2. Hypertension showed a higher risk of death in the high-to-moderate group. In the low-and-declining trajectory, anxiety nearly tripled the risk of death.Trajectories with cognitive decline are associated with higher mortality, with the risk of death showing a gradient. Predictors of mortality differ by cognitive trajectory; the differences being observed even among the cognitively healthier groups.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain. elobo@unizar.es.Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain. elobo@unizar.es.Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, 28029, Spain. elobo@unizar.es.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, 28029, Spain.Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, 28029, Spain.Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.Psychiatry Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, 28029, Spain.Department of Sociology and Psychology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50001, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, 28029, Spain.Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2025-03-06;():.
Cognitive trajectories in older adults and associated mortality and predictors.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an acute and potentially fatal brain disease that causes severe brain damage, resulting in hemiplegia, speech disorders, and even coma or death. Recently, oxidative stress and ferroptosis are claimed involved in the pathogenesis of ICH brain injury. Eupatilin (EUP) is a flavonoid component with promising anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties. The present study aimed to explore the pharmacological activity and potential mechanisms of EUP in treating ICH brain injury from the respect of ferroptosis. The ICH model was established in mouse, followed by treating with 3 and 10 mg/kg EUP. Elevated mNSS score, increased brain water content, reduced Nissl bodies, and enhanced EB concentrations were observed in ICH mice, which were sharply alleviated by EUP treatments. Furthermore, increased ROS, MDA, and iNOS levels; declined SOD activities; and enhanced proinflammatory factors like interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in ICH mice were remarkably reversed by EUP. In addition, increased iron+ cells and downregulated GPX4, FTH1, and SLC7A11, as well as reduced SOX2 levels, in ICH mice were rescued by EUP. SH-SY5Y cells were stimulated by hemin, followed by treating with EUP (25 and 50 μM). Enhanced ROS and MDA contents; decreased SOD activities; increased iron levels; and downregulated GPX4, FTH1, SLC7A11, and SOX2 were observed in hemin-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells, which were reversed by EUP. Moreover, silencing SOX2 abolished influences of EUP on oxidative stress and ferroptosis in hemin-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Collectively, EUP alleviated ICH-induced secondary brain injury by repressing SOX2/SLC7A11 axis-mediated ferroptosis, which provides potential treatment strategies for ICH in the clinic.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Hangzhou City, 310007, Zhejiang Province, China.
Department of Endocrinology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Hangzhou City, 310007, Zhejiang Province, China. wangyanqiu20121223@126.com.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025-03-06;():.
Eupatilin mitigates ICH-induced brain injury via SOX2/SLC7A11 regulation of ferroptosis.

Mental health information appears on social media in varying levels of quality and may or may not be productive information to users, particularly in relation to healthcare decision-making and community living among diverse populations coping with mental health problems. To better understand the mental health landscape on social media, this study validated a language model approach to evaluating the availability and sentiment of mental health awareness content across Spanish- and English-language social media posts on Twitter (currently X) to inform future mental health communication guidelines.A comprehensive list of mental health awareness hashtags in Spanish and English was developed by bilingual investigators to download tweets containing these hashtags in both languages from the Twitter Academic API from 09/19/22 - 10/10/22. Data extraction and cleaning of duplicate tweets resulted in a final sample of 28,268 Spanish and 205,774 English tweets for sentiment and structural topic analysis across the two languages.Fifteen unique topics emerged for both Spanish and English tweets including overlapping themes of awareness, self-care, lived experience, and service providers. Topics in Spanish tweets were more often significantly associated with negative emotions compared to English tweets. Yet English tweets also included misappropriation of mental health labels to make political statements and market products.Mental health awareness content on Twitter appears not to be consistently available or aligned with clinical values, disadvantaging Spanish-language social media users, possibly leading to divergent priorities concerning population mental health. Nevertheless, natural language processing techniques offers a viable method to further understand unequal mental health awareness content across various language and cultural social media.
Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA. md3027@cumc.columbia.edu.Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA. md3027@cumc.columbia.edu.
Department of Communication, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA.
Department of Communication and Journalism, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Department of Public Health, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA.
A machine learning language model approach to evaluating mental health awareness content across Spanish- and English-language social media posts on Twitter.

Science prizes contribute to the visibility of researchers within and outside the medical community. Our article contains a descriptive analysis of the prize development in German medical societies since the turn of the millennium, focussing on the development of gender differences and discussing the findings with regard to necessary structural changes and the general significance of prizes in medicine. The study is based on data from all documented prizes and honours awarded by the 183 German medical societies currently organised in the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF, Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften) in the period 2000-2023, including the Fritz-Külz-Award in pharmacology. For the first time, our study enables a differentiated overall view of the diverse prize culture in German medical societies, with 1213 awards (including 201 scholarships). The results show that the gender award gap found in international studies, particularly for prestigious awards, has continuously narrowed in the awarding practice of German medical societies since 2000. However, a gender-specific imbalance is still recognisable, particularly in the case of prestigious honorary prizes and more highly endowed research prizes. Differences between the specialist societies, depending on the speciality, the respective proportion of female specialists and the proportion of female scientists among the members must be investigated in further detailed studies. The specialist societies are therefore called upon to make their nomination and application practices even more transparent in order to better recognise potential disadvantages.
Department for the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Department for the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. nils.hansson@hhu.de.
The Gender Award Gap in German medical societies 2000-2023: the Fritz-Külz-Award as an example.

Identifying natural substances that regulate microRNAs (miRNAs) has facilitated the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for brain cancer therapy. This work investigates the intricate interaction between miRNA expression and the specified chemicals, aiming to comprehend how natural compounds may modify miRNA profiles to affect carcinogenic pathways. Curcumin and resveratrol are natural compounds that have lately shown anticancer effects. These drugs function by modifying the expression of certain miRNAs linked to tumor proliferation and treatment resistance. Natural therapies can target these miRNAs, potentially improving therapy effectiveness and mitigating the adverse effects often linked to conventional pharmaceuticals. This review collects the latest findings on the impact of natural compounds on miRNAs. It presents an innovative approach to brain cancer treatment by leveraging the bioactivity of these substances to reinstate normal miRNA function. Natural chemicals provide a comprehensive strategy for addressing brain cancer, underscoring their significance in transforming future therapeutics. From this perspective, natural compounds provide a means to combat brain cancer.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt. ahmed_doghish@azhar.edu.eg.Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11231, Egypt. ahmed_doghish@azhar.edu.eg.
Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11231, Egypt.Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, 11785, Egypt.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, 11785, Egypt.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia. m.ahmed@su.edu.sa.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt.Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia National University, km Cairo-Alexandria Agricultural Road, Menofia, Egypt.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo, 11786, Egypt.
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, 32511, Egypt.Department of Pharm D, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid, 21110, Jordan.
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, P.O. Box 380, Hofuf, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
Natural compounds as regulators of miRNAs: exploring a new avenue for treating brain cancer.

Stroke is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) accounting for most cases. Despite advancements in reperfusion therapies, many patients do not achieve sufficient reperfusion, necessitating effective neuroprotective interventions. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of Edaravone Dexborneol (ED) compared to standard therapies in AIS treatment.A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating ED in AIS. Primary outcomes included Modified Rankin Scale (mRS ≤ 1) at 90 days and changes in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models.Five RCTs with 2,535 patients (1,263 ED, 1,272 control) were included. ED significantly improved the odds of achieving mRS ≤ 1 at 90 days (OR = 1.47, 95% CI [1.25-1.74], p < 0.00001). While NIHSS score changes at 14 days were not significant (p = 0.35), ED showed significant improvement at 30 days (MD = -1.77, 95% CI [-2.82 to -0.72], p = 0.0009). ED also significantly reduced the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (OR = 0.47, 95% CI [0.24-0.92], p = 0.03) and mortality rates were lower in the ED group but not statistically significant (OR = 0.66, 95% CI [0.41-1.06], p = 0.08, I2 = 1%).ED demonstrates significant neuroprotective benefits in AIS by improving functional outcomes and reducing the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. However, further studies with larger sample sizes must confirm these findings and optimize treatment protocols.
Diagnostic Radiology Department, National Cancer Institute, Misrata, Libya. Moutaz.om17@gmail.com.Medical Research Group of Egypt, Negida Academy, Arlington, MA, USA. Moutaz.om17@gmail.com.
Medical Research Group of Egypt, Negida Academy, Arlington, MA, USA.Faculty of Medicine, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt.
Medical Research Group of Egypt, Negida Academy, Arlington, MA, USA.Modern University for Technology and Information, Cario, Egypt.
Medical Research Group of Egypt, Negida Academy, Arlington, MA, USA.Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine.
Medical Research Group of Egypt, Negida Academy, Arlington, MA, USA.Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
Medical Research Group of Egypt, Negida Academy, Arlington, MA, USA.Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
Medical Research Group of Egypt, Negida Academy, Arlington, MA, USA.Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Efficacy and safety of edaravone dexborneol in acute ischemic stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Computed Tomography (CT) imaging captures detailed cross-sectional images of the pancreas and surrounding structures and provides valuable information for medical professionals. The classification of pancreatic CT images presents significant challenges due to the complexities of pancreatic diseases, especially pancreatic cancer. These challenges include subtle variations in tumor characteristics, irregular tumor shapes, and intricate imaging features that hinder accurate and early diagnosis. Image noise and variations in image quality also complicate the analysis. To address these classification problems, advanced medical imaging techniques, optimization algorithms, and deep learning methodologies are often employed. This paper proposes a robust classification model called DeepOptimalNet, which integrates optimization algorithms and deep learning techniques to handle the variability in imaging characteristics and subtle variations associated with pancreatic tumors. The model uses a comprehensive approach to enhance the analysis of medical CT images, beginning with the application of the Gaussian smoothing filter (GSF) for noise reduction and feature enhancement. It introduces the Modified Remora Optimization Algorithm (MROA) to improve the accuracy and efficiency of pancreatic cancer tissue segmentation. The adaptability of modified optimization algorithms to specific challenges such as irregular tumor shapes is emphasized. The paper also utilizes Deep Transfer CNN with ResNet-50 (DTCNN) for feature extraction, leveraging transfer learning to enhance prediction accuracy in CT images. ResNet-50's strong feature extraction capabilities are particularly relevant to fault diagnosis in CT images. The focus then shifts to a Deep Cascade Convolutional Neural Network with Multimodal Learning (DCCNN-ML) for classifying pancreatic cancer in CT images. The DeepOptimalNet approach underscores the advantages of deep learning techniques, multimodal learning, and cascade architectures in addressing the complexity and subtle variations inherent in pancreatic cancer imaging, ultimately leading to more accurate and robust classifications. The proposed DeepOptimalNet achieves 99.3% accuracy, 99.1% sensitivity, 99.5% specificity, and 99.3% F-score, surpassing existing models in pancreatic tumor classification. Its MROA-based segmentation improves boundary delineation, while DTCNN with ResNet-50 enhances feature extraction for small and low-contrast tumors. Benchmark validation confirms its superior classification performance, reduced false positives, and improved diagnostic reliability compared to traditional deep learning methods.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PET Engineering College, Vallioor, India.
Universal College of Engineering and Technology, Vallioor, India. jeslinrocks@gmail.com.
DeepOptimalNet: optimized deep learning model for early diagnosis of pancreatic tumor classification in CT imaging.

Inflammatory lung diseases (ILDs) such as asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COVID-19, cystic fibrosis, and lung cancer impose a substantial worldwide healthcare impact. The pathophysiology of these disorders is primarily influenced by the involvement of neutrophils, which are crucial triggers in the natural immune reaction. Neutrophils participate in pulmonary inflammation and tissue destruction. When neutrophils are activated and recruited, they migrate to inflammatory lung tissues via the chemokine receptor CXCR2. This study explores how neutrophils, directed by CXCR2 signaling, participate in the inflammatory environment in the lung, inducing tissue injury and the development of illness. We investigate both the functional and structural features of CXCR2, emphasizing its relationship with ligands such as IL-8 (CXCL8) and GRO-α (CXCL1) and its involvement in ILDs. The article also explores novel treatment approaches that focus on CXCR2, such as the use of small molecule antagonists. These compounds can regulate neutrophil behavior and reduce signs of the illness. The study provides a detailed analysis of current clinical studies and the results of inhibiting CXCR2, specifically looking at the effectiveness and safety of these new medicines. This study seeks to deliver a thorough analysis of the important function of neutrophils and CXCR2 in ILDs, as well as the possibility of CXCR2-targeted therapeutics to enhance clinical outcomes.
Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, U.P, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Clement Town, 248002, Dehradun, India.
Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-Be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560069, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, India.
Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Aerogen Ltd, Galway Business Park, Galway, Ireland.School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland.School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland.
Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. gaurav.gupta@chitkara.edu.in.Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India. gaurav.gupta@chitkara.edu.in.
Targeting CXCR2 signaling in inflammatory lung diseases: neutrophil-driven inflammation and emerging therapies.

Health coaching is a potential approach to increase glycemic control by improving diabetes patients' lifestyles. Our study aims to evaluate the impact of health coaching on glycemic control and patients' lifestyle among uncontrolled diabetes patients in Indonesia.Our study involved 60 uncontrolled T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus) patients with HbA1c > 7.5% from two referral hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia. The control group received T2DM treatment and 12 standardized diabetes education, while the intervention group received an additional 12 personal health coaching sessions. The primary outcome of this study was glycemic control, which was evaluated at baseline, 3rd month, and 6th months after the intervention. Secondary outcomes included diet and physical activities as lifestyle parameters.Our study showed fasting plasma glucose was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (135.46 [38.61] mg/dL vs. 176.59 [62.45] mg/dL, p = 0.006). Moreover, 2-hours Post Prandial Glucose (2hPPG) was also significantly lower in the intervention group (141.42 [53.06] mg/dL vs. 242.11 [117.24] mg/dL, p < 0.001). HbA1c levels had lower values in the intervention group, although it was not significant (7.83% [2.18] vs. 8.87% [2.10], p = 0.054). No significant differences were observed for dietary control and physical activity.At the six-month follow-up, the health coaching program significantly improved the participants' glycemic control (FPG and 2hPPG). In addition to current diabetes care standards, the health coaching method can raise patient awareness, encourage self-care, and improve their ideal glycemic levels.
© 2025. Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., part of Springer Nature.
Department of Internal Medicine, Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia.Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular Aging Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Vanaya NeuroLab Brain and Behaviour Research Centre, Vanaya Coaching International, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia. tri.judi@ui.ac.id.Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular Aging Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. tri.judi@ui.ac.id.
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia. pradana.soewondo@ui.ac.id.Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular Aging Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. pradana.soewondo@ui.ac.id.
The impact of health coaching on glycemic control among uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a randomized controlled trial.

To identify oral health variables associated with laryngotracheal aspiration-related outcomes as determined by swallowing during videofluoroscopy in adults and older adults. This cross-sectional study included 225 persons aged 18 years or older who were referred for clinical evaluation and videofluoroscopy examination due to suspected dysphagia. Oral health status assessment comprised self-reported the number of teeth, use and fit of dentures, xerostomia and satisfaction with chewing. The number of teeth and fit of dentures were also assessed clinically by a speech therapist. Videofluoroscopy followed a standardized protocol. The presence and severity of dysphagia was assessed using the O'Neill Swallowing Scale. The Dysphagia Severity and Outcome Scale defined the occurrence of laryngotracheal penetration or aspiration of food. Results were presented as prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Poisson regressions with robust variance ran on R version 4.2.1. were used to estimate associations with dysphagia and aspiration. In the multivariate models for aspiration, the following factors were associated with the upper arch: Partial dentition with poorly fitted implants, fixed prostheses (single or multiple), or removable partial dentures (PR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.15-10.41), partial dentition without rehabilitation with prosthesis (PR, 4.05; 95% CI, 1.46-11.22), edentulism with well-fitted conventional total prosthesis (PR, 4.82; 95% CI, 1.29-17.92), and edentulism without complete dentures (PR, 7.22; 95% CI, 2.25-23.10). For the lower arch, associated factors included: Edentulism with poorly fitted conventional total prosthesis (PR, 8.99; 95% CI, 1.85-43.44), partial dentition without prosthesis (PR, 6.76; 95% CI, 1.67-27.84), and edentulism without prosthesis (PR, 8.69; 95% CI, 1.86-40.63). This study highlights the significant association between poor oral health, dysphagia, and aspiration laryngotracheal, underscoring the need for integrated care between speech-language pathology and dentistry. Our findings provide a foundation for future research that incorporates more robust research designs and oral examinations to explore underlying mechanisms explaining the relation between oral health, dysphagia, and aspiration.
Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite Street 245, Building 1, Room 400B, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil. rafaela.rech@ufcspa.edu.br.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.
Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Statistician, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Poor Oral Health in Adults and Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Studies.

To explore the predictive value of radiomics features extracted from anatomical ROIs in differentiating the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading in prostate cancer patients.This study included 1,500 prostate cancer patients from a multi-center study. The peripheral zone (PZ) and central gland (CG, transition zone + central zone) of the prostate were segmented using deep learning algorithms and were defined as the regions of interest (ROI) in this study. A total of 12,918 image-based features were extracted from T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) images of these two ROIs. Synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) algorithm was used to address the class imbalance problem. Feature selection was performed using Pearson correlation analysis and random forest regression. A prediction model was built using the random forest classification algorithm. Kruskal-Wallis H test, ANOVA, and Chi-Square Test were used for statistical analysis.A total of 20 ISUP grading-related features were selected, including 10 from the PZ ROI and 10 from the CG ROI. On the test set, the combined PZ + CG radiomics model exhibited better predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.928 (95% CI: 0.872, 0.966), compared to the PZ model alone (AUC: 0.838; 95% CI: 0.722, 0.920) and the CG model alone (AUC: 0.904; 95% CI: 0.851, 0.945).This study demonstrates that radiomic features extracted based on anatomical sub-region of the prostate can contribute to enhanced ISUP grade prediction. The combination of PZ + GG can provide more comprehensive information with improved accuracy. Further validation of this strategy in the future will enhance its prospects for improving decision-making in clinical settings.
Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Department of Radiology, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA. Qirui.Zhang@jefferson.edu.
Enhanced ISUP grade prediction in prostate cancer using multi-center radiomics data.

Heart rate (HR) is a surrogate of systemic conditions, cardiac performances, and effect of chronotropic agents in patients with critical illness. The current study aimed to elucidate the association between HR during mechanical circulatory support with the Impella microaxial flow pump and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). This study evaluated 92 patients (mean age: 67 ± 13 years; male: 77%) with CS who received temporary circulatory support with Impella. The absolute HR immediately before Impella implantation, at 24 h after implantation, immediately before explantation, and at 24 h after explantation, and its association with short-term outcomes were assessed. In total, 47 (51%) patients concomitantly used venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Patients who died or those who were bridged to left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation during Impella support (n = 20) were excluded from the outcome analysis. Four patients died within 24 h after Impella initiation. During Impella support, 14 patients died, and two had LVAD implantation. A high HR and a higher lactate level at Impella explantation were independently associated with 30 day mortality in 18 (25%) patients. An HR of < 82 bpm at Impella explantation was the optimal cutoff value for indicating a lower incidence of 30 day mortality. Up-titrated beta-blockers and decreases in the vasoactive-inotropic score were correlated with HR reduction during Impella support. In patients with CS receiving Impella support, a lower HR at weaning was associated with a decreased incidence of short-term mortality. HR reduction was a simple prognostic indicator, and chronotropic interventions including beta-blockers may be therapeutic options for patients with CS receiving Impella support.
© 2025. Springer Nature Japan KK, part of Springer Nature.
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan. y_ikeda@med.kitasato-u.ac.jp.
Heart-rate reduction during microaxial flow pump support and short-term outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock.

School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, 200 Lees Ave. Office 218J, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, 200 Lees Ave. Office 218J, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada. Linda.mclean@uottawa.ca.
Does a Linear Array of Pressure Sensors Placed within the Vagina Really Measure the Ability of the Pelvic Floor to Respond to Increases in Intra-abdominal Pressure During High-Impact Activities?

The clinical implication of a post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) quantitative flow ratio (QFR) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) remains insufficiently explored. This single-center retrospective observational study analyzed 195 CTO lesions from 195 CAD patients who underwent successful PCI with drug-eluting stent implantation and were assessed for post-PCI QFR. The primary end point was target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 3 years. The receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the optimal cutoff value of post-PCI QFR for predicting 3-year TLR. Patients were stratified on the basis of the optimal cutoff value, and the predictors for 3-year TLR were assessed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. The ROC curve demonstrated that the cutoff value of post-PCI QFR for predicting 3-year TLR was 0.84, with a sensitivity of 61% and specificity of 66%. The cumulative incidence of TLR at 3 years was significantly higher in the low post-PCI QFR group (≤ 0.84) compared to the high post-PCI QFR group (> 0.84) (22.0% versus 8.4%, P = 0.017). In multivariate analysis, age (hazard ratio [HR], 0.94 [0.91 to 0.98]), renal failure on dialysis (HR, 3.89 [1.58 to 9.55]), ostial lesion (HR, 5.01 [1.90 to 13.23]), and post-PCI QFR ≤ 0.84 (HR, 2.49 [1.04 to 5.97]) were independent predictors for 3-year TLR. Lower post-PCI QFR was associated with increased 3-year TLR in CAD patients with CTO.
Cardiovascular Center, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan.
Cardiovascular Center, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan. t.ishihara31@gmail.com.
Cardiovascular Division, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
Impact of quantitative flow ratio on outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion.

The present study's aim was to examine the effect of fitspiration on body dissatisfaction and exercise motivation in female Division I athletes compared to non-Division I athletes.Participants consisted of 197 female Division I athletes (n = 102) and non-athletes (n = 95).Participants were randomized into a fitspiration (viewing fitspiration images) or a control group (viewing travel images) and completed measures of body dissatisfaction and exercise motivation pre- and post-exposure to the images.Regardless of athletic status, participants in the fitspiration group had increased body dissatisfaction, and participants in the control group had decreased body dissatisfaction. However, non-athletes had increased exercise motivation compared to athletes, regardless of image group.Fitspiration should be consumed with caution due to its negative effects on body dissatisfaction for both athletes and non-athletes, but exposure to fitspiration or travel images may increase exercise motivation in non-athletes.
Department of Public Health, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina, USA.
Journal of American college health : J of ACH
The effect of fitspiration on body dissatisfaction and exercise motivation in female NCAA Division I athletes and non-athletes.

The 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Consensus Classification (ICC 2022) recently recognized a subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), respectively called fluid overload-associated large B-cell lymphoma (FO-LBCL) and human herpes virus 8 (HHV8)/Epstein-Barr (EBV)-negative primary effusion-based lymphoma. However, few reports have provided a molecular profile for this entity. We present two cases, both females, who presented to our hospital with, respectively, massive pleural and pericardial effusion, but with no other significant pathological findings, and for both of whom FO-LBCL was the final diagnosis. Both cases exhibited activated and germinal center phenotypes but had distinct mutational profiles. In this report, we consider the diagnosis, focusing on the main clinicopathological features that differentiate it from primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and other DLBCL subtypes. We report the results of a next generation sequencing study carried out to provide new evidence about the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of this rare, recently described entity.
Hematology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.
Pathology Department, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
Pathology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Avd. Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
Pathology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Avd. Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain. fjavier.diazp@quironsalud.es.
Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology
Large B-cell lymphoma associated with fluid overload: two new case reports with molecular insights.

Recent studies indicate that gender plays a role in influencing the side effects and outcomes of radiotherapy (RT), thus highlighting the importance of gender-specific clinical approaches. However, there remains a knowledge gap regarding potential gender differences in the domain of psychosocial profiles during RT. This retrospective analysis examines the psychosocial impact of RT on a cohort of adult and paediatric patients in Italy who received psycho-oncological support during RT from January 2020 to April 2024.Medical charts of a total of 750 adult (418 females and 332 males) and 145 paediatric patients (78 male and 67 females) were reviewed. In our radiation oncology department, two psycho-oncological pathways are available for adults: 1) dedicated pathways for patients with head and neck, brain, or rectal and anal cancers, where psychological support is provided automatically; and 2) support for other patients upon request or clinical recommendation. For paediatric patients, psychoeducational/psychotherapeutic interventions tailored to the needs of patients/caregivers are initiated at the start of RT to ensure compliance and promote psychological wellbeing.Female adult patients reported higher levels of distress, anxiety, and depression than males, with significant predictors including gender and previous psychological disturbances. Notably, patients undergoing RT with palliative or local-control intent exhibited increased anxiety and depression. In contrast, no significant gender differences in psychosocial distress were observed among paediatric patients. Both genders received consistent psychological support, and familial trauma and RT intent did not significantly affect their scores.In this retrospective analysis, gender is a crucial predictor of psychosocial outcomes in adults undergoing RT, with females experiencing higher distress levels. Prior mental health stability appears protective against anxiety and depression. In paediatric patients, interventions remain effective across genders. Early psychological assessments are essential for both groups to identify patients at risk and enhance coping strategies.
© 2025. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
UOS di Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini e Radioterapia Oncologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
UOS di Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy. elisa.marconi@policlinicogemelli.it.
Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, and Cell and Gene Therapy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Centro di Eccellenza Oncologia Radioterapica, Medica e Diagnostica per Immagini, Ospedale Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, Rome, Italy.
UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini e Radioterapia Oncologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini e Radioterapia Oncologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.Dipartimento di Scienze dell'invecchiamento, neurologiche, ortopediche e della testa-collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
UOS di Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e della salute pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Rome, Italy.
Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al]
Gender role in radiotherapy: psychosocial differences between males and females during cancer care : Single-centre report on adult and paediatric oncological patients.

Department of Ultrasound, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.Department of Ultrasound, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China.
Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China. 18732196660@163.com.
Letter to the Editor: Artificial intelligence applied to magnetic resonance imaging reliably detects the presence, but not the location, of meniscus tears: a systematic review and meta-analysis .

Imaging of the axial skeleton is a critical component of the diagnosis, management and follow-up of axial spondyloarthritis which may be difficult on clinical grounds and biological data alone. The sacroiliac joints (SIJ) are anatomically complex with high incidence of normal variation and degenerative change and techniques used to image the SIJ vary widely. Interpretation of MRI scans of the axial skeleton is facilitated by employing consistent protocols in which sequences are designed for the sensitive detection of inflammatory lesions, fat metaplasia and bone erosion. Considerable research has been undertaken in recent years to improve the accuracy of detection of these findings in early disease and detection of structural damage changes that would allow improvements in diagnosis and management of SpA patients. This review will examine recent advances in our understanding of axSpA and discuss innovations in MRI and CT, focusing on how to optimize a standard acquisition protocol for MRI of the SIJ, and discussing how to avoid some common technical pitfalls that may be encountered in MRI clinical practice.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Skeletal Society (ISS).
Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. rlambert@ualberta.ca.
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Recent advances and insights into imaging of axial spondyloarthritis.

Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272007, China.
Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272007, China. liuqingxu@sina.cn.
Letter to the Editor: Radiomics in differential diagnosis of Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma with adrenal location in children.

To differentiate smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF) from emphysema and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) using CT.From January 2016 to October 2023, a total of 123 patients who underwent lung surgery with pathologically proven SRIF (n = 23), emphysema (n = 50), and UIP (n = 50) were included. Three radiologists retrospectively reviewed preoperative chest CTs for imaging features of centrilobular/paraseptal emphysema, multiple thin-walled cysts (MTWC), honeycombing, traction bronchiectasis, subpleural ground-glass opacity (GGO)/reticulation, and presence of smoking-related disease (SRD) and compared the CT features by subgroup.A total of 123 patients (23 SRIF, 50 emphysema, 50 UIP; mean age, 64.9 ± 8.96 years; 99 males) were involved. Centrilobular emphysema, paraseptal emphysema, MTWC, honeycombing, traction bronchiectasis, subpleural GGO/reticulation, and SRD were identified in SRIF (100%, 100%, 73.9%, 8.7%, 100%, 100%, 47.8%), emphysema (94%, 60%, 2%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 10%), and UIP (48%, 40%, 0%, 42%, 100%, 100%, 6%) cases, respectively. In the univariable analysis of SRIF and emphysema, MTWC, traction bronchiectasis, subpleural GGO/reticulation, and the presence of SRD were predictive features of SRIF (all p < 0.05). In the multivariable analysis of SRIF and emphysema, MTWC and subpleural GGO/reticulation were predictive of SRIF (all p < 0.05). In both univariable and multivariable analyses of SRIF and UIP, MTWC and the presence of SRD were predictive features of SRIF (all p < 0.05), whereas honeycombing was significant only in univariable analysis (p = 0.01).Imaging features of MTWC, subpleural GGO/reticulation, and the presence of SRD on CT may help differentiate SRIF from emphysema and UIP.Question SRIF is recognized as a separate entity; however, insufficient radiological studies have been conducted. Findings CT imaging features of MTWC, subpleural GGO/reticulation, and the presence of SRD are predictive factors for SRIF. Clinical relevance SRIF, emphysema, and UIP have overlapping imaging/clinical features but different treatments and prognoses. As treatment for UIP slows the disease progression, accurate differentiation based on imaging findings is essential for improving prognosis.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology.
Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.Department of Radiology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea.
Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. hs.yoo@skku.edu.
Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. yoonki.cha@samsung.com.
CT features of pathologically proven smoking-related interstitial fibrosis: compared with emphysema and usual interstitial pneumonia.

Department of Radiology, Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye. ozgurkoska@yahoo.com.
Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.
Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.Department of Radiology, Sincan Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.
Reply to Letter to the Editor: Radiomics in differential diagnosis of Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma with adrenal location in children .

This study aims to investigate the potential correlation between commonly prescribed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications and suicidal or self-injurious behaviors (SSIBs) among the pediatric population by exploring the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. The FAERS database (2004Q1-2023Q4) was queried and SSIBs cases associated with stimulants (methylphenidate, and amphetamine) or atomoxetine were identified. The signals for SSIBs were analyzed using disproportionate methods, and the accuracy of the results was validated through sensitivity analysis with multifactor logistic regression. Time-to-onset analysis explored factors affecting SSIBs manifestation. Disproportionality analysis revealed a significant negative association between methylphenidate and SSIBs, while atomoxetine exhibited a significant positive correlation with SSIBs. The frequency of SSIBs was lower with stimulants alone or with the combined use of stimulants and atomoxetine compared to atomoxetine alone. Time-to-onset analysis indicated that all cases were of the early failure type, with the median time to onset of SSIBs associated with atomoxetine occurring later than that linked to stimulants. Stratification by age showed that in the stimulant group, the median time to SSIBs was longer for patients aged 13-17 years compared to those aged 6-12 years. Conversely, the opposite trend was observed in the atomoxetine group. The observed differences in time to onset highlight the importance of individualized screening for SSIBs across various populations, ultimately improving patient outcomes in the follow-up of stimulants or atomoxetine recipients.
School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. pollyzhang2006@126.com.Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China. pollyzhang2006@126.com.
School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. chenhuajiao@fjmu.edu.cn.Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China. chenhuajiao@fjmu.edu.cn.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025-03-06;():.
Exploring the potential association between stimulant or atomoxetine use and suicidal or self-injurious behaviors in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: real-world insights from the FAERS database.

Breast implants (BIs) lead to the formation of a periprosthetic capsule, causing complications like capsular contracture. Gel bleeding, involving minor silicone gel leakage through the intact implant shell, significantly promotes capsular contracture. Various pharmacological and surface treatment strategies have been explored to mitigate these issues.This review assesses the effectiveness of different pharmacological interventions and BIs surface coatings on periprosthetic capsule development in murine models.A systematic review adhering to the PRISMA protocol was conducted. Databases searched included PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and LILACS using keywords: (Murine) AND (Breast) AND/OR (Implant), covering studies from 1977 to 2022. Experimental studies on miniature breast implants in murine models involving medications, surface treatments, or post-surgical therapies were included. Exclusions were studies without pharmacological agents, those testing bacterial contamination, radiotherapy, or involving different animal models or humans.Twenty-nine articles were reviewed. Significant reductions in capsule thickness and inflammation were noted with certain pharmacological treatments. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants were effective but raised concerns about wound healing and tumor recurrence. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) showed promise in reducing capsule formation, especially in textured implants. Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) enhanced tissue integration and reduced complications regardless of texture.Advancements have been made in therapies to influence capsular formation around silicone implants. However, clinical validation remains limited due to small sample sizes and short study periods. ADMs and LTRAs appear most promising, warranting further long-term clinical studies to fully understand their potential benefits in improving breast implant biocompatibility.This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, NESMOS (Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea - U.O.D. Chirurgia Plastica, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, NESMOS (Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea - U.O.D. Chirurgia Plastica, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy. michail.sorotos@uniroma1.it.
Effect of Different Medications on Capsule Formation Around Miniaturized Breast Implants in Murine Models-a Systematic Review.

Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) and parasternal block (PSB) are used in multimodal analgesia strategies to improve postoperative comfort and recovery. Their combined effectiveness for pediatric auricular reconstruction (AR) patients needs clarification.A study was conducted on 100 children aged 8 to 12 undergoing autologous rib cartilage transplant in AR. Subjects were randomized into two groups: the ultrasound (US)-directed SAPB plus modified PSB group (SAPB+PSB group) and the US-guided SAPB alone group (SAPB group). The primary outcome was the 24 h postoperative Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) score. The secondary endpoints were pain scores, surgical field bleeding scores, sufentanil consumption within 24 h post-surgery, the time to first ambulation, and incidence of complications.The SAPB+PSB group demonstrated significantly higher scores in physical comfort, emotional status, and pain aspects on the QoR-15 scale compared to the SAPB group, the difference was significant (P ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of psychological support and physical independence (P > 0.05). The total QoR-15 score was augmented among SAPB+PSB versus SAPB participants (P < 0.001). At 12 h, the SAPB+PSB group reported lower NRS scores than the SAPB group during rest (P < 0.001) and cough (P = 0.014). The sufentanil consumption at 24 h was substantially diminished among SAPB+PSB recipients (P < 0.001), and the time to first ambulation was shorter relative to the SAPB recipients, and the different was significant (P < 0.001).US-guided SAPB combined with modified PSB significantly enhances postoperative recovery quality in pediatric patients undergoing AR, effectively improving postoperative comfort and facilitating recovery.This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
© 2025. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.
Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.33, Ba Da Chu Road, Shi Jing Shan, Beijing, 100144, China.
Department of Ear Reconstruction Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.33, Ba Da Chu Road, Shi Jing Shan, Beijing, 100144, China.
Department of Nursing, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.33, Ba Da Chu Road, Shi Jing Shan, Beijing, 100144, China.
Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.33, Ba Da Chu Road, Shi Jing Shan, Beijing, 100144, China. yangdongmazui@163.com.
Ultrasound-Guided Serratus Anterior Plane Block Combined with Modified Parasternal Block in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Auricular Reconstruction Surgery Results in Superior Quality of Recovery Compared to a Standalone Serratus Anterior Plane Block.

Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India.
Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India. drvikrammhaskar@gmail.com.
Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India.
European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie
Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2025-03-06;35(1):93.
Correction: Arthroscopic ACL repair with suture tape augmentation: clinical, functional, and gait analysis outcomes at minimum 3-year follow-up.

Department of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
Department of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. ery_yangli@lzu.edu.cn.
Comment on: Comparing the outcomes of robotic vs. open partial nephrectomy in obese patients: a meta‑analysis and systematic review .

Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 777 Bannock St, MC 0188, Denver, CO, 80204, USA.
Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 777 Bannock St, MC 0188, Denver, CO, 80204, USA. Joshua.parry@dhha.org.
Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2025-03-06;35(1):94.
Correction: Urinary bladder matrix versus dermal regeneration template for lower extremity wound coverage.

The main objective of the present study was to combine the ethanol extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina-christi (ZMZS) and fractioned with different solvents of increasing polarity for evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials. The ethanolic extracts of leaves were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus, mixed in ratio (1:1 w/w) and then fractionated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. In vitro antioxidant activity of all fractions was assessed using total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), 2,2-dipehnyl, 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, reducing power and bleachability of β-carotene in Linoleic acid system assays. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the highest antioxidant activity in terms of the highest TPC (212.15 mg/g) and TFC (39.54 mg/g), better DPPH radical scavenging (IC50, 4.82 µg/ml), reducing power and β-carotene bleachability. The reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (Rp-HPLC) was performed for the characterization of polyphenols in Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina-christi extracts individually and ethyl acetate fraction of ZMZS. Results showed that EAF was enriched with phenolic acids, notable coumarin, gallic acid, salicylic acid and chlorogenic acid, whereas quercetin and kaempferol were the most abundant flavonoids. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of most potent ethyl acetate fraction was performed using a carrageenan-induced model and analgesic activity using hot plate method in male Sprague Dawley rats. Further, the suppression of inflammatory biomarkers and the oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. Results indicate that EAF possesses significant anti-inflammatory and anti-analgesic properties at 500 mg/kg BW as evidenced by their ability to reduce paw edema, percentage inhibition and prolonged latency time and proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The EAF also normalized the oxidative stress levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) when compared to the standard drug indomethacin. The present study concluded that ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of combined ZMZS extract has remarkable antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials possibly due to interactions of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia. balsuwayt@uhb.edu.sa.
Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic potentials of combined polyphenol-rich fractions from Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina-christi leaves through modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in Sprague Dawley rats model.

Human papilloma virus (HPV)-related cancers are well-known clinical entities in different body sites. Cervix, anus, and oropharynx are the most common tumors related to the virus infection. The aim of this work was to highlight similarities and differences among HPV-related cancers of different subsites.The narrative review was focused on the following topics: (1) epidemiology, (2) prognostic factors, (3) treatment approaches, (4) radiomic analysis, (5) radiosensitivity, (6) de-escalation strategies. Common aspects as well as differences have been highlighted for cervical, anal and oropharyngeal HPV-related tumors.Common prognosticators in terms of patients characteristics (anemia, smoking habits), tumor histology (lymph node extracapsular extension) biological features (high circuating HPV DNA), blood cell immunomodulating response (high level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) as good parameters of radiosensitivity (radiosensitivity index RSI, and genomic adjusted radiation dose GARD) have been found among the analyzed tumor subsites. On the contrary, other aspects like treatment approaches (different RT techniques and doses), radiomic analysis and de-intensification strategies were found to be different among tumors.HPV-related tumors have several common prognostic and predictive features that do not translate into common therapeutic approaches and de-intensification strategies. A better understanding of which factors are associated with a high risk of early recurrence or favourble clinical outcomes could help in guiding clinical assessment and screening activities and might improve efforts for precision medicine.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Federación de Sociedades Españolas de Oncología (FESEO).
Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.Department of Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration with the Warmia-Mazury Oncology Centre, Olsztyn, Poland.
Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy. mattia.zaffaroni@ieo.it.
Radiation Oncology, Policlinico Umberto I, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Radiation Oncology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.Perugia General Hospital, Perugia, Italy.
Radiation Oncology Unit, Responsible Research Hospital, Campobasso, Molise, Italy.
Radiotherapy Oncology, Department of Medicine and Surgery and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico
HPV-driven cancer: from epidemiology to the HPV-driven tumor board proposal, everything you wanted to know but were afraid to ask.

The use of Escherichia coli for recombinant protein production is a cornerstone in structural biology, particularly for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies. Understanding the metabolic behavior of E. coli under different carbon sources is critical for optimizing isotope labeling strategies, which are essential for protein structure determination by NMR. Recent advancements, such as mixed pyruvate labeling, have enabled improved backbone resonance assignment in large proteins, making selective isotopic labeling strategies more important than ever for NMR studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic adaptations of E. coli when grown on pyruvate as the sole carbon source, a common condition used to achieve selective labeling for NMR spectroscopy. Using NMR-based metabolomics, we tracked key metabolic shifts throughout the culture process to better understand how pyruvate metabolism affects protein production and isotopic labeling. Our results reveal that pyruvate is rapidly depleted before IPTG induction, while acetate and lactate accumulate due to overflow metabolism. These byproducts persist after induction, indicating that pyruvate is diverted into waste pathways, which limits its efficient use in isotope incorporation. This metabolic inefficiency presents a challenge for isotopic labeling protocols that rely on pyruvate as a carbon source for NMR studies. Our results highlight the need to fine-tune pyruvate supplementation to improve metabolic efficiency and isotopic labeling, making this study directly relevant to optimizing protocols for NMR studies involving protein structure determination. These insights provide valuable guidance for enhancing the quality and yield of isotopically labeled proteins in NMR spectroscopy.
Nanofabrication and Nanocharacterization Center for Scientific and Technological Advanced Research (n²STAR), Koç University, İstanbul, Türkiye. cdag@ku.edu.tr.Koç University İşbank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), Koç University, İstanbul, Türkiye. cdag@ku.edu.tr.
Nanofabrication and Nanocharacterization Center for Scientific and Technological Advanced Research (n²STAR), Koç University, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Exploring the biochemical landscape of bacterial medium with pyruvate as the exclusive carbon source for NMR studies.

Aging is characterized by a decline in physiological functions and an increased susceptibility to age-related diseases. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), individually and in combination, to counteract aging-related physiological declines, with a specific focus on their modulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis and stress response. Aging was induced in thirty-seven female rats using D-galactose, simulating the metabolic imbalances and oxidative stress characteristic of aging. The experimental groups included controls, aged rats without treatment, and aged rats treated with MSCs, PQQ, or a combined MSC-PQQ regimen. MSC homing analyses and Behavioral assessments, oxidative stress assays, gene expression profiling, histopathological evaluations were conducted to provide a multidimensional view of treatment efficacy. MSC homing confirmed successful tissue localization and repair, underscoring the regenerative capacity of MSCs. Remarkably, the combined MSC-PQQ therapy (APQQST) markedly improved anxiety-related behaviors, evidenced by increased rearing and grooming activities (p < 0.01). Oxidative stress biomarkers supported these findings; treated groups exhibited significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and elevated antioxidant defenses, including glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (p < 0.01). Gene expression analysis highlighted the beneficial upregulation of key genes such as LKB1, PFKFB3, TSC2, and HMGR, crucial for cellular energy homeostasis and stress response, with the combination therapy showing the most pronounced effects. Furthermore, histopathological assessments underscored significant liver tissue recovery in treated groups, particularly with combined treatment (APQQST), with minimal vacuolar degeneration and restored hepatic architecture (p < 0.01). These findings highlight the synergistic effects of MSCs and PQQ in mitigating behavioral, molecular, and physiological aspects of aging, underscoring their potential as promising therapeutic agents for promoting healthy aging and offering a foundation for future translational research and clinical applications.
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt. Elzayatem@sci.cu.edu.eg.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, 36088, USA.Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt.
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt. nyehia@sci.cu.edu.eg.
Assessment of the Capability of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and/or Pyrroloquinoline Quinone in Compensating the Age-Related Dysfunctions of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Wistar Rats.

John Stearne was the first Regius Professor of Medicine in Trinity College Dublin and founded the Fraternity of Physicians of Trinity Hall that later became the Royal College of Physicians in Ireland. He was born in Ardbraccan, County Meath in 1624 and was a great nephew of the Archbishop of Armagh and renowned scholar James Ussher who was his patron. He entered Trinity College in 1639 and was elected Scholar in 1641, before fleeing Dublin at the outbreak of the Confederate Wars later that year. He moved to Cambridge and studied medicine in Sidney Sussex College. After a short period practicing medicine in Bedfordshire, he returned to Trinity in 1651 and was appointed Professor of Medicine and College medicus. He later also became Professor of Hebrew and Professor of Law. He wrote six books and became a Senior Fellow of the College. In 1654, he established the Fraternity of Physicians with some other Dublin physicians in a disused building on Trinity Street. Stearne resigned his Fellowship and Professorship in 1659 but had them restored by 1662 following the Restoration of the King Charles II. The Royal College of Physicians of Ireland received its first royal charter in 1667. Stearne died in 1669 at the age of 44. This paper, written to celebrate the quatercentenary of his birth, discusses Stearne's life and achievements in more detail particularly in the context of the political turmoil of the age and the important role of his extended family in the important events that occurred.
Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. jharbiso@tcd.ie.Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. jharbiso@tcd.ie.Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. jharbiso@tcd.ie.
John Stearne (1624-1669). Founder of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland and first Professor of Medicine in Trinity College Dublin.

The current research implies the synthesis of two novel organic co-sensitizers based on carbazole, which are referred to as MA-1 and MA-2. The performances of these sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were also studied. The molecular structures were designed using donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) configurations, where 9-heptyl carbazole and 9-ethyl carbazole served as donors and malononitrile (MA-1) and cyanoacetic acid (MA-2) acted as acceptor/anchoring groups. The photophysical features of the sensitizers were evaluated via UV-Vis spectroscopy, revealing broad absorption in the visible range with λmax at 468 nm (MA-1) and 478 nm (MA-2) and corresponding molar extinction coefficients of 3.76 × 10⁴ M⁻¹cm⁻¹ and 5.34 × 10⁴ M⁻¹cm⁻¹, respectively. Electrochemical analysis showed favorable ground state oxidation potentials (GSOP) and excited state oxidation potentials (ESOP) for both dyes, with optical band gaps of 2.44 eV (MA-1) and 2.28 eV (MA-2). These values indicate efficient electron injection into the TiO2 conduction band and thermodynamic feasibility for dye regeneration. Co-sensitization using the benchmark N3 dye significantly enhanced the photovoltaic performance. The (MA-2 + N3) achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.82%, with a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 23.91 mA/cm², an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 685 mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.60. This superior performance can be attributed to the synergistic interactions between the dyes, broader spectral coverage, and improved charge separation dynamics. By utilizing synergistic co-sensitization strategies, these findings shed light on the capacity of carbazole-based co-sensitizers, particularly MA-2, as potential candidates for high-efficiency DSSCs.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt. m.r.elmorsy@gmail.com.Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura, 35712, Egypt. m.r.elmorsy@gmail.com.
Engineering High-Performance Carbazole-Based Co-Sensitizers: Synthesis, Photophysical Characterization, and Synergistic Enhancement in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

Infective endocarditis (IE) and myocardial abscesses caused by Rhodococcus erythropolis are rare clinical manifestations in healthy individuals. We report the autopsy of a 43-year-old male who suffered from IE caused by R. erythropolis infection and died of an atrioventricular node abscess, arrhythmia, and heart failure. This case indicates that the possibility of infection affecting the cardiac conduction system should be considered in arrhythmia-related IE cases. Our findings suggest that clinicians should consider the possibility of R. erythropolis infection in arrhythmia cases associated with IE.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China. zhouyiwu@outlook.com.
Forensic science, medicine, and pathology
Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2025-03-06;():.
Fatal Rhodococcus erythropolis endocarditis complicated by an abscess invading the atrioventricular node: a case report.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychological condition following traumatic events, including physical trauma. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and demographic correlates of PTSD among orthopedic trauma patients.We used a cross-sectional survey design and assessed 200 orthopedic trauma patients, using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version to determine the prevalence of PTSD.The results showed that the prevalence of PTSD was 39%. Females had a higher incidence rate (63%) than males (26%). Females were 1.16 times more likely to suffer from PTSD following trauma as compared to males, with a statistically significant association found between PTSD and female gender. However, the study found no significant association between PTSD and age. Additionally, a high proportion of PTSD participants had comorbid depression.Future studies should further explore the demographic and psychological risk factors associated with PTSD following physical trauma.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland.
Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. aliafzal2615@gmail.com.Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan. aliafzal2615@gmail.com.
Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. babarkhawar@yahoo.com.Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan. babarkhawar@yahoo.com.
Frequency of post-traumatic stress disorder among orthopedic trauma patients and its association with personal parameters.

Non-conjugated polymer dots (NC-PDs) are a new class of fluorescent nanoparticles that show desirable properties such as high fluorescence, excellent brightness, high photostability, and synthesis simplicity. In this work, we synthesized highly fluorescent non-conjugated polymer dots by a hydrothermal method from polyester prepared from polyethylene glycol (PEG) and di-anhydride EDTA (DA-EDTA). The synthesized NC-PDs display strong blue fluorescence with a high quantum yield (QY) of 45% in water and more than 45% in different solvents such as ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), and acetone. The optical and structural characteristics of the PDs were investigated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrophotometry, EDX, FTIR, and TEM. The PDs were utilized as a sensitive fluorescence probe for detecting Fe3+ ions in the range of 0-250 µM, demonstrating a low detection limit of 1.28 µM. The fluorescence intensity also declines with rising temperature, allowing the synthesized PDs to function as thermometers at 20 to 70ºC. The spike recovery test validated the efficiency of the proposed method for analyzing Fe3+ ions in tap water.
Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. arsalani@tabrizu.ac.ir.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Synthesis of Dual-Responsive, Highly Fluorescent, Non-Conjugated Polymer Dots for Fe3+ Detection.

Benzene, toluene ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX), known for their high toxicity and volatility, are key targets for air quality monitoring. Fluorescent probes based on the luminescence intensity of one transition is not efficient for probing BTEX. In this work, we have synthesized a luminescent RhB@MOF sensor array to realize the probing of different BETX by excellent fingerprint correlation between the BTEX and emission peak-height ratio of ligand to dye moieties. Three kinds of RhB@MOF were synthesized simultaneously by varying concentrations of Rhodamine B (RhB) in the solvothermal reaction of (E)-4-(2-carboxyvinyl)benzoic acid (H2L) and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O (RhB@MOF1, RhB@MOF2, RhB@MOF3). These sensors exhibited two characteristic emission peaks at 430 nm for the host CdMOF and 570 nm for guest RhB, and the emission peak height ratio I430/I570 were constant for each RhB@MOF. Upon reaction with BTEX, due to gap-gap reaction between ligand and different BETX as well as the different swelling effect of BTEX on RhB, the two emission peaks height ratio of three kinds of RhB@MOF showed specific change to different BTEX. The sensor array exhibited a unique pattern of fluorescence variations of BTEX. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied and achieved complete separation of BTEX. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was then applied to discriminate between individual, binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures of BTEX, resulting in a 100% accuracy rate. Further study also indicated that concentration gradients did not affect the clustering outcomes of BTEX. Compared to traditional methods, the developed fluorescent sensor array offered a more efficient and economical strategy for the identification of BTEX.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Port Security Inspection, Guangzhou, 510700, China.Huangpu Customs District Technology Center, Dongguan, 523000, China.
Zengcheng Customs, Guangzhou, 511340, China.
School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Recycling, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China.
Guangdong Dongguan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Station, Dongguan, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Port Security Inspection, Guangzhou, 510700, China. 34056583@qq.com.Huangpu Customs District Technology Center, Dongguan, 523000, China. 34056583@qq.com.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Port Security Inspection, Guangzhou, 510700, China. 45770900@qq.com.Huangpu Customs District Technology Center, Dongguan, 523000, China. 45770900@qq.com.
School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Recycling, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China. jiaoz@dgut.edu.cn.
Development of RhB@CdMOF-based Fluorescent Sensor Array for Discrimination of BTEX.

Oxidative damage is pivotal in the pathogenesis and progression of a myriad of neurological disorders. The current study was designed to elucidate the therapeutic potential of conditioned medium from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC-CM) and to delineate the underlying mechanisms, using a neuronal oxidative injury model for this purpose. Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells were exposed to H2O2 to establish an oxidative injury model, followed by treatment with BMSC-CM or co-cultivation with BMSCs in a transwell apparatus. The oxidative stress levels pre- and post-intervention or co-cultivation were quantitatively assessed by PCR and western blot analyses. Furthermore, transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses were used to identify pivotal genes and signaling pathways implicated in the observed effects. Both BMSC-CM treatment and BMSC co-culture decreased oxidative damage and inhibited apoptosis in PC12 cells. Transcriptomic data and enrichment analysis revealed 106 differentially expressed genes between BMSC-CM untreated and treated H2O2-exposed PC12 cells, including 67 downregulated and 39 upregulated genes. Notably, the significantly differentially expressed genes were predominantly those involved in lipid metabolism pathways, and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) emerged as one statistically significant upregulated gene. The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, a specific inhibitor of LDLR, attenuated the positive effects of BMSC-CM treatment, corroborating that LDLR activation plays a crucial role in mitigating neuronal oxidative damage. The results of this investigation underscore the neuroprotective capacity of BMSC-CM, which we show is mediated through its ability to module lipid metabolism in neuronal cells via the LDLR. Further research into the neuroprotective properties of BMSC-CM could lead to the development of promising therapeutic avenues for neurological diseases characterized by oxidative stress.
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China.
Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510305, China.
International Nursing School, Hainan Medical University, Longhua District, No. 3, Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China.
Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. zhangyc0123@hotmail.com.
Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. 552366015@qq.com.
Conditioned Medium of BMSCs Alleviates H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage in PC12 Cells Through the LDLR Pathway.

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), yet therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial function remain limited. Exercise has shown neuroprotective benefits in PD, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate how exercise affects MPTP-induced excessive apoptosis, mitochondrial fission, and mitochondrial function in PD mice, with a focus on the Irisin/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Thirty-two male C57BL/6 J mice, aged 7-8 weeks, were randomly assigned to control (n = 8) and experimental groups (n = 24). Mice in the experimental groups were administered intraperitoneal injections of MPTP to induce the PD model. Subsequently, the experimental mice were divided into three groups (8 mice in each group): the sedentary group (PD), the group subjected to 10 weeks of treadmill exercise (PDEX), and the group receiving both treadmill exercise and Irisin antagonist injections (EXRG). Upon completion of the 10-week intervention, behavioral assessments were performed. Following this, the mice were euthanized to collect brain samples and subjected to immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, ELISA, citrate synthase assay, and Western blot analyses. MPTP-treated mice exhibited significant motor dysfunction and dopaminergic neuron loss in the nigrostriatal regions, which were alleviated after a 10-week exercise intervention. Exercise significantly reduced MPTP-induced neuronal apoptosis, as evidenced by decreased cellular debris and abnormal nuclear morphology, increased Bcl-2 protein levels, and decreased BAX expression. Furthermore, exercise mitigated abnormal mitochondrial fission in PD mice and improved mitochondrial function-related markers. This was reflected by reduced immunohistochemical signals and protein expression levels of Drp1, Fis1, and MFF, as well as increased citrate synthase activity and elevated expression levels of COX-I and COX-IV. In the substantia nigra of PD mice, the expression levels of Irisin, p-AMPK, and SIRT1 were reduced but were notably elevated after the 10-week exercise intervention. However, chronic treatment with Cyclo RGDyk to block Irisin signaling potentially counteracted the exercise-induced increases in p-AMPK and Sirt1 expression. Moreover, blocking the Irisin signaling pathway reversed the beneficial effects of exercise on mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial function, and neuronal apoptosis. Exercise is an effective approach for alleviating PD pathology by reducing excessive mitochondrial fission, dysregulated mitochondrial respiration and metabolism, and neuronal loss. The neuroprotective effects of exercise are achieved, in part, by regulating the Irisin/AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. This study underscores the potential of targeting Irisin signaling as a therapeutic strategy of exercise to enhance mitochondrial function and promote neuronal survival in PD.
College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. renqing.zhao@yzu.edu.cn.
Exercise Ameliorates Dysregulated Mitochondrial Fission, Mitochondrial Respiration, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease Mice via the Irisin/AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway.

Individuals' beliefs and perceptions about gambling are known to influence gambling behaviours. However, the associations between gambling attitudes, gambling frequency, and problem gambling are unclear within the existing literature. The study aimed to elucidate the relationship between gambling attitudes, gambling behaviour, and problem gambling, using responses to the 2018 Northern Territory Gambling Prevalence and Wellbeing Survey. Data from 1629 participants (Mage = 49.87 years; SD = 14.58 years; 51.63% female) who completed the Attitudes Towards Gambling Survey (ATGS), Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), and reported their gambling frequency were analysed. Prior to testing for moderation of the attitude-frequency path by PGSI risk category, the measurement model of the ATGS was assessed for invariance and one item was removed to improve its psychometric properties. Problem gambling severity moderated the relationship between attitudes towards gambling and gambling frequency. The relationship between attitudes towards gambling and gambling behaviour strengthened at higher levels of problem gambling. Results indicate that the higher the risk of problem gambling, the stronger the influence of gambling attitudes on gambling frequency. These findings are discussed in relation to cognitive dissonance, rationalisation, gambling motivation, and the potential implications for problem gambling prevention strategies.
Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin, NT, 0810, Australia.Researchers in Behavioural Addictions, Alcohol, and Drugs (BAAD), Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin, NT, 0810, Australia.
Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin, NT, 0810, Australia.
Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin, NT, 0810, Australia. malcolm.flack@cdu.edu.au.Researchers in Behavioural Addictions, Alcohol, and Drugs (BAAD), Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin, NT, 0810, Australia. malcolm.flack@cdu.edu.au.
How Does Problem Gambling Impact the Relationship Between Gambling Attitudes and Frequency?

This feasibility pilot study examined whether the device type (tablet or smartphone) influences the effectiveness of a brain training program for older adults. Forty-four community-dwelling participants were randomly assigned to the tablet or smartphone group using a stratified block randomisation protocol based on age and sex. Each participant completed 12 supervised training sessions, each lasting approximately 40 min, over 3 to 4 months. Cognitive assessments included general intelligence, attention, memory, and executive function. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the effects of the device type and time (pre- vs. post-intervention). Of the 44 participants, 36 completed the program. No main or interaction effects were observed for device type. However, significant improvements over time were found in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, Frontal Assessment Battery, time required to complete Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices, visual cancellation, and Trail-Making Test Part A. These results suggest comparable near-transfer benefits in attention and executive functions across tablets and smartphones. However, neither device produced far-transfer gains in memory measures. These findings underscore the feasibility and potential cost-effectiveness of smartphone-based training interventions for supporting cognitive health in later life.Trial Registration: Registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry on October 15, 2020 (UMIN000042123).
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Marta Olivetti Belardinelli.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N-12, W-5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N-12, W-5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan. otsuki612@gmail.com.
Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
A feasibility pilot study comparing tablets and smartphones for an app-based speed training program in older people: an open-label, randomized controlled PROBE trial.

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become more important in healthcare. It has the ability to completely change how patients are diagnosed, treated, and cared for. To make sure AI is properly supervised in healthcare, many problems need to be solved. This calls for a broad approach that includes policy, technology, and involving important people. This study investigates the governance of AI within healthcare, highlighting the importance of policy, technology, and stakeholder engagement. Adopting a mixed-methods research design, the study encompasses surveys, interviews, and document analysis to comprehensively explore diverse perspectives on AI governance. Purposive sampling techniques were employed to gather 897 valid samples, ensuring diversity across stakeholder groups. Surveys gathered quantitative data on demographic characteristics and attitudes toward AI governance, while interviews provided deeper insights into stakeholders' experiences and recommendations. Document analysis supplemented data collection by reviewing policy documents, guidelines, and academic literature related to AI governance. This study merges quantitative and qualitative data to thoroughly investigate AI governance, enabling the identification of policy implications and actionable recommendations. This study contributes novel insights by adopting a comprehensive approach to AI governance in healthcare, integrating policy, technology, and stakeholder engagement perspectives. Unlike previous studies focusing solely on individual aspects of AI governance, this research provides a holistic understanding of the complex dynamics involved. This research offers important insights into AI governance by investigating the impact of stakeholder engagement, ethical considerations, digital health disparities, governance structures, and health communication strategies on AI integration in healthcare, ultimately aiding in policy development and implementation.
School of Digital Media & Design Arts, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China.School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. yahuiwang45.id@gmail.com.
Advanced Institute of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou, China.
Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy
Analysing the Suitability of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and the Role of AI Governance.

Fish living in natural and aquaculture environments may be easily contaminated by toxic trace elements owing to diverse anthropogenic activities relating to different geographical areas. This study measured the concentration of trace elements (Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, As, and Hg) in the gills, liver, and muscles of wild and cultured Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) collected from Patuakhali and Khulna regions in Bangladesh, respectively. Samples were collected in the summer and analyzed by using the atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean concentration of trace elements (mg kg-1) was as follows: Fe (6.908) > Zn (1.467) > Cu (0.397) > Mn (0.338) > Cr (0.151) > Cd (0.003) and Fe (6.291) > Zn (1.243) > Pb (0.494) > Cu (0.205) > Cr (0.117) > Cd (0.005) in wild and cultured Asian sea bass, respectively. Moreover, As and Hg concentrations were below the detection limit. The mean concentration of Cr and Cu was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in wild Asian sea bass than in cultured Asian sea bass, respectively. The concentrations of trace elements in wild and cultured Asian sea bass did not exceed the maximum permissible limits, except Cr and Pb. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values for all the concerned trace elements except Pb (0.478 mg/day) were lower than the recommended daily allowance (RDA) values. The human health risk assessed by Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) ensured that eating Asian sea bass would not create any possible threat to people inhabiting the Patuakhali and Khulna regions. Therefore, the Asian sea bass from these two commercial regions may be safe for human health. Further study is advisable to determine trace element concentrations in Asian sea bass by applying artificial diets in culture systems and concentrations of trace elements in sediments and water from both environments before making any recommendations.
Department of Aquaculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
Department of Aquaculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh. krsumi@pstu.ac.bd.
Assessment of Trace Elements of Wild and Cultured Asian Sea Bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) in Bangladesh and Their Inferences on Human Health.

This study aimed to apply Andersen's behavioral model of health services to examine the association of patient-provider racial and ethnic concordance on health care use within Asian American subgroups with a focus on nativity.We estimate multivariate probit models using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We collect and utilize data on preventive care visits, visits for new health problems, visits for ongoing health problems, and number of doctor's visits from survey years 2013-2017 to measure health utilization. Additionally, we include data on racial and ethnic concordance, non-health-related socioeconomic and demographic factors, health-related characteristics, provider communication characteristics, and provider location characteristics in the analysis to capture predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Our sample includes 61,667 observations, mainly White respondents (86.2%) with 3.0% Indian American respondents, 3.1% Chinese American respondents, 2.3% Filipino American respondents, and 5.4% respondents classified in the survey as Other Asians. A total of 3% (1847) of the cases in the sample involved Asian provider-patient concordance.Our study provides evidence of differences in health utilization within Asian subgroups even after controlling for enabling, need, and other predisposing factors. Namely, Asian American patient-provider concordance is associated with statistically significant increases in the probabilities of seeking preventive care, seeking care for a new problem, and seeking care for an ongoing problem, relative to Asian American patients with non-Asian American providers. We also find that the association is not equal across the Asian American subgroups. The Asian American patient-provider concordance is consistently positive and significant for Chinese Americans. For the number of provider visits, the association is only positive and significant for foreign-born Chinese American patients.The overall results support the positive association between the predisposing factor of Asian patient-provider race concordance and health care utilization. Moreover, patient-provider concordance is particularly important for the Chinese subgroup, which is less likely to seek medical care relative to White patients. The findings suggest that the diversity in the Asian population should be taken into account when designing outreach programs, particularly for non-US-born patients.
© 2025. W. Montague Cobb-NMA Health Institute.
Department of Economics, Knauss School of Business, University of San Diego, Alcalá Park, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA. maa@sandiego.edu.
Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S University Dr, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA.
Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2025-03-06;():.
Health Care Utilization and Patient-Provider Racial/Ethnic Concordance Among Asian American Subgroups.

Elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in myocardial infarction (MI). Targeting IL-6 and its downstream signalling pathways represents a therapeutic strategy; however, its cellular sources and regulatory mechanisms of IL-6 remain incompletely understood. In this study, Alter and colleagues investigated the primary cell type that produces IL-6 in post-MI murine heart and the role of purinergic signalling in regulating IL-6 formation. Using cellular and mouse models, the authors identified cardiac fibroblasts as the predominant source of IL-6. Further analysis revealed that the IL-6 formation in cardiac fibroblasts is regulated by adenosine A2B receptors. Of further importance, they elucidated that T cells highly express CD73, leading to significant adenosine formation, which in turn enhances IL-6 production via Gq activation in cardiac fibroblasts following MI. These findings reveal a dynamic interplay between immune cells and fibroblasts in shaping the post-MI inflammatory response. This study suggests the adenosine-A2B receptor-IL6 axis as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate inflammation and improve cardiomyocytes salvage in MI.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden. zhichao.zhou@ki.se.
T cell-derived adenosine regulates fibroblast IL-6 formation via A2B receptors in the infarcted heart.

To assess the utilization and prostate cancer (PCa)-specific mortality (PCSM) between non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) on active surveillance (AS) with intermediate risk PCa (iPCa).The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried between 2010-2016. The rate of AS was calculated per year between NHB and NHW using univariable logistic analysis (UVA) and multivariable logistic analysis (MVA). Next, inverse probability of treatment weighting was performed on those that underwent watchful waiting (WW) and competing-risks cumulative incidence function (CIF) and MVA were used to assess the impact of race on other-cause mortality (OCM) and PCSM. Statistical significance defined as p < 0.05, but some observations were deemed non-statistically significant per our Benjamini-Hochberg procedures, RESULTS: 50,315 patients had iPCa, and 3,310 underwent AS/WW. The rate of AS increased amongst NHB (+ 3.1%) and NHW (+ 5.7%) from 2010 - 2016. UVA did not show an association with race, but MVA showed a negative association, based on our Benjamini-Hochberg correction, between NHB and AS [OR 0.68 (95% CI: 5.4-0.87; p = 0.002)]. On CIF, NHB and NHW had non-significant differences in OCM in the weighted cohort (p = 0.03), due to the Benjamini-Hochberg correction, and that was confirmed with MVA with a HR of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.02-1.49; p = 0.03). However, the CIF on PCSM showed NHB had a higher risk of PCSM (p < 0.0001), and that was confirmed with MVA with a HR of 3.01 (95% CI: 2.00-4.53; p < 0.001).The utilization of AS for iPCa increased amongst NHB and NHW patients. Unfortunately, NHB race was associated with increased risk of PCSM from one year to the next compared to NHW patients.
Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA. fabdoll1@hfhs.org.
Utilization and Cancer Control Outcomes of Active Surveillance Amongst Black and White Men with Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer in a Population-Based Analysis.

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are widely used for their effective antioxidative, anti-tumor, and antibacterial properties with minimal toxicity. Developing eco-friendly and simple synthesis methods for SeNPs with improved bioactivity, biocompatibility, and stability is crucial. This study synthesized bioactive SeNPs using extracts from the traditional Chinese medicine Pinellia ternata as a stabilizing agent. SeNPs were characterized to have an amorphous structure, spherical shape, uniform dispersion, and an average diameter of 54.6 nm. They had a surface charge of - 28.2 mV, enhancing stability through interactions with compounds in Pinellia ternata extracts. The synthesized SeNPs demonstrated strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties in vitro, outperforming Na2SeO3 and Pinellia ternata extracts. Specifically, SeNPs showed bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) at 120, 240, and 480 µg/mL, with a lasting effect at 480 µg/mL after 23 h. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was more sensitive, with significant antimicrobial and bactericidal effects at 15, 30, and 60 µg/mL, achieving complete inhibition at 60 µg/mL after 20 h. In zebrafish exposure experiments, SeNPs at low (0.2 mg/L) and medium (0.5 mg/L) concentrations enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver without inducing significant acute toxicity, whereas high concentrations (1 mg/L) resulted in oxidative damage to the liver and gills. This study introduces a novel method for synthesizing a stable SeNP-herbal medicine extracts composite with outstanding biological activity and biosafety, potentially expanding the applications of herbal medicine beyond traditional antioxidant and antimicrobial treatments.
College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China. wangquanxiu@xynu.edu.cn.
College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China.
College of Pharmacy, Xinyang Agricultural and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000, China.
From Tradition to Innovation: Pinellia ternata Extracts Stabilized Selenium Nanoparticles for Enhanced Bioactivity.

Faculty of Medicine, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany. simon.klos@uk-koeln.de.
Faculty of Medicine, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany.
Faculty of Medicine, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany.Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2025-03-06;():.
Correction: Self-Rated Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity in a Clinical Sample of Adolescents.

Aromatase enzyme deficiency (AED) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CYP19A1 gene. This disorder causes an inability to convert androgens into estrogens, resulting in excess androgens and estrogen deficiency. AED is typically diagnosed in female infants, but diagnosis in men is often delayed until adulthood due to late-onset skeletal and metabolic issues. We report the case of a 31-year-old male referred for increased height and bone discomfort. Over the past 6 years, his height had increased by 5 cm, accompanied by leg cramps and bone pain. He had a height of 193 cm, weighed 103 kg, and presented with a eunuchoid body habitus. The patient's height was above/at + 2 SD from target height. Laboratory findings revealed elevated FSH, LH, and testosterone, with undetectable estrogen levels. Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were elevated. X-rays showed incomplete epiphyseal fusion. Bone densitometry revealed Z scores of -2 (lumbar spine) and - 2.6 (femoral neck). Genetic testing confirmed a homozygous exon 6 deletion in CYP19A1. The patient was treated with transdermal estradiol (25 µg twice weekly), which normalized estradiol, testosterone, and gonadotropin levels. Epiphyseal fusion occurred within 6 months. Aromatase deficiency in men frequently goes undiagnosed until adulthood. Timely diagnosis is crucial to initiating estrogen treatment early after puberty to prevent skeletal problems linked to this disorder.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Hellenic Endocrine Society.
Department of Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. erenimre@gmail.com.
Department of Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Aromatase enzyme deficiency in an adult male patient and the effects of estrogen replacement therapy: a rare cause of tall stature.

Examine racial and ethnic inequities in hepatitis C and B virus (HCV and HBV) screening across high-risk populations.Chronic HCV and HBV infections can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and death. Despite universal screening recommendations, < 50% of US adults are tested for these viruses. Populations with lower socio-economic status experience higher rates of viral-related cirrhosis and HCC, which may be reduced through screening and treatment. This study analyzed data from 91,875 patients (2019-2021) at the Health Choice Network, a federally qualified health center in Florida. Logistic regression assessed the determinants of HCV and HBV screening, considering factors such as age, sex, language, and race/ethnicity.The study population was predominantly female, Hispanic, uninsured, and living below the federal poverty line. Overall, 61.7% had HCV screening, and 43.7% had HBV screening. Haitian Creole-speaking patients (aOR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.50-1.85), Asian (aOR 1.41; 95% CI, 1.26-1.58), Spanish-speaking Hispanic (aOR 1.38; 95% CI, 1.32-1.44), and English-speaking Hispanic patients (aOR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.18) had higher odds of HCV screening, compared to NH-Whites. Similarly, Haitian Creole-speaking (aOR 1.91; 95% CI, 1.73-2.12), Asian (aOR 1.50; 95% CI, 1.33-1.68), and Spanish-speaking Hispanic patients (aOR 1.23; 95% CI, 1.17-1.29) had higher odds of HBV screening.For an underserved population context, screening rates were above average, with higher prevalence among historically disadvantaged populations. However, rates remained suboptimal, particularly among NH-Whites, who account for the largest number of HCV-related liver cancers, often linked to injection drug use. Increasing screening, especially among NH-Whites and English-speaking Hispanics for HCV, is crucial for early diagnosis, treatment, and reducing severe liver disease risk, including cirrhosis and HCC.
Division of Epidemiology & Population Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. Hmc110@miami.edu.
Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, USA.
Division of Epidemiology & Population Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, USA.
Chronic Viral Hepatitis Screening Inequities Across Florida Federally Qualified Health Centers.

Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Ansh Clinic, Maninagar, Ahmedabad, 380 008, India. drradhikachavan@gmail.com.
Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Ansh Clinic, Maninagar, Ahmedabad, 380 008, India.
Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology

Hepatoblastoma, the most common primary liver malignancy in children, exhibits significant clinical and biological heterogeneity, leading to varying prognoses. This study aimed to identify independent prognostic factors for overall survival in pediatric hepatoblastoma patients, develop and validate a nomogram prediction model, and establish a risk stratification system. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients aged ≤18 years with hepatoblastoma using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000-2020). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified age, race, tumor stage, tumor size, surgery, and chemotherapy as independent prognostic factors. We developed a nomogram prediction model based on these factors, which underwent internal and external validation. The model accurately predicts 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates. We also established a risk classification system that stratifies patients into low, intermediate, and high-risk groups. Subgroup analysis revealed that low-risk patients had better survival outcomes with hepatectomy, while intermediate-risk patients benefited more from liver transplantation. The developed nomogram enables individualized prediction of overall survival rates in pediatric hepatoblastoma patients, and the risk stratification system can guide early and accurate prognostic assessment.
© 2025. Italian Society of Surgery (SIC).
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chengdu Women'S and Children'S Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617 Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chengdu Women'S and Children'S Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617 Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China. 29197779@qq.com.
Development and risk stratification of a prognostic nomogram for hepatoblastoma: analysis of the SEER database.

The increasing number of cancer survivors has heightened demands on hospital-based follow-up care resources. To address this, involving general practitioners (GPs) in oncological follow-up is proposed. This study explores secondary care providers' views on integrating GPs into follow-up care for curatively treated breast and colorectal cancer survivors.A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with Dutch medical specialists and nurse practitioners. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis by two independent researchers.Fifteen medical specialists and nine nurse practitioners participated. They identified barriers such as re-referral delays, inexperience to perform structured follow-up, and worries about the lack of oncological knowledge among GPs. Benefits included the GPs' accessibility and their contextual knowledge. For future organization, they emphasized the need for hospital logistics changes, formal GP training, sufficient case-load, proper staffing, remuneration, and time allocation. They suggested that formal GP involvement should initially be implemented for frail older patients and for prevalent cancer types.The interviewed Dutch secondary care providers generally supported formal involvement of primary care in cancer follow-up. A well-organized shared-care model with defined roles and clear coordination, supported by individual patients, was considered essential. This approach requires logistics adaptation, resources, and training for GPs.Integrating oncological follow-up into routine primary care through a shared-care model may lead to personalized, effective, and efficient care for survivors because of their long-term relationships with GPs.
Department of Primary and Long-Term Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, Groningen, 9700 AD, the Netherlands. g.b.liemburg@umcg.nl.
NIVEL Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.Faculty of Health, Nutrition and Sport, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, the Netherlands.
Department of Primary and Long-Term Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, Groningen, 9700 AD, the Netherlands.
Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice
Organizing substitution of oncological follow-up to primary care: perspectives from secondary care providers.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common compressive peripheral neuropathy, often requiring surgical treatment. Recently, ultrasound-guided thread carpal tunnel release has become an attractive minimally invasive alternative to the traditional surgical approaches. This incision-less technique utilizes an abrasive thread and a Tuohy needle to achieve division of the transverse carpal ligament while sparing adjacent soft tissue to decrease post-procedural pain and enhance recovery. Although several step-by-step descriptions of the technique have been published in recent years, no video demonstration of the procedure and the pre-procedure scanning needed for surgical planning exists. This paper aims to provide a video-based guide to ultrasound-guided thread carpal tunnel release and propose a pre-procedure scanning protocol for physicians considering implementing this procedure into their practice.
Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimation, and Pain Medicine, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona Calle de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain. nunofranciscodasilva@gmail.com.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ULS Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal.
Department of Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA.
Minimally invasive ultrasound-guided thread carpal tunnel release: a video demonstration protocol.

Duplicated inferior vena cava (DIVC) is a congenital anomaly where the inferior vena cava (IVC) is present on either side of the abdominal aorta. Previous studies have noted smaller IVC widths in DIVC cases, but detailed structural characteristics remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the histological structure of the IVC in DIVC and normal cases. Histological analysis was performed on the IVC just below the liver (IVC-Liver), the IVC at the 4th lumbar vertebra level (IVC-L4), and the external iliac vein (EIV) from donated cadavers. The tissues underwent HE staining and immunohistochemistry to detect elastin and alpha smooth muscle actin, with the cross-sectional area of vessel lumina and immunopositive area calculated. The study found that the combined cross-sectional areas of the right and left IVC-L4 in DIVC cases were smaller than the single IVC-L4 area in normal cases. Histologically, DIVC cases showed a significantly decreased ratio of elastin immunopositive areas, compared to normal cases. This reduction in cross-sectional areas and elastin ratio suggests that IVCs in DIVC cases hold less blood volume and have weaker contractility by elastic fibers after dilation, potentially leading to disrupted blood circulation in the lower body.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Japanese Association of Anatomists.
Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. t.omotehara.hb@juntendo.ac.jp.Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. t.omotehara.hb@juntendo.ac.jp.
Histological characterization of the inferior vena cava in cases of duplicated inferior vena cava.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive condition that can lead to blindness if undiagnosed or untreated. Automatic systems for DR prediction using fundus images have been developed, but challenges like variable illumination, overfitting, small datasets, poor feature learning, high computational complexity, and suboptimal feature weighting persist. To address these, a hybrid model called the modular neural network with grasshopper optimization algorithm (MNN-GOA) is proposed. This model integrates neural network capabilities with the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) to enhance feature selection and classification accuracy. It begins with preprocessing to improve image quality, followed by data augmentation and histogram-based segmentation to focus on critical regions. Features are extracted using techniques like histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), color features, and mutual information (MI). GOA optimizes feature weights, balancing exploration and exploitation, while reducing computational complexity. The model integrates features from ground truth and original images to predict DR stages accurately. Achieving performance metrics of accuracy (98.8%), specificity (97.6%), sensitivity (96.8%), precision (96.4%), and F1 score (96.2%), the MNN-GOA model was validated on four datasets like DIARETDB1, DDR, APTOS 2019, and EyePACS and outperformed existing methods, proving to be a robust and efficient solution for DR classification and severity prediction.
© 2025. International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Udaya School of Engineering, Vellamodi, India. phd.binnyjebadurai01@yahoo.com.
Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai, India.
Medical & biological engineering & computing
Hybrid model of feature-driven modular neural network-based grasshopper optimization algorithm for diabetic retinopathy classification using fundus images.

Native Americans serve in the U.S. military at the highest rate per capita of any ethnoracial group and have elevated rates of mental health (MH) difficulties compared to other ethnoracial groups, including posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use disorders, and suicide. Almost half of Native Veterans live in rural areas; rurality is associated with significant barriers to MH services. Engaging in outreach with Native Veterans is an important pathway for connecting them with MH care, but the outreach process and educational materials must be culturally aligned to be more effective. We collaborated with partners at a rural Department of Veterans Affairs medical center (VAMC) to develop and refine a process for co-creating MH-focused outreach materials that are culturally centered on the needs, preferences, and values of rural Native Veterans. Our model of Co-creating Outreach for Rural Native Veterans' Engagement (CORE) involves five key steps: building strong partnerships with rural VAMC partners (Connect), conducting a needs assessment to identify VAMC partners' and Native Veterans' unique needs (Learn), engaging in ongoing synchronous and asynchronous dialogue during iterative development of materials (Collaborate), piloting materials during outreach (Pilot), and refining materials based on Veteran and partner feedback (Re-evaluate). The process of developing culturally centered outreach materials should involve iterative refinement, partnerships and consultation with cultural experts, and strong relationships founded on respect, trust, and a commitment to bidirectional learning.
© 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.
VHA Office of Rural Health, Veterans Rural Health Resource Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. alexandra.caloudas@bcm.edu.Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. alexandra.caloudas@bcm.edu.VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, a virtual center, Houston, TX, USA. alexandra.caloudas@bcm.edu.Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. alexandra.caloudas@bcm.edu.
Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, a virtual center, Houston, TX, USA.VHA Office of Rural Health, Veterans Resource Center, White River Junction, VT, USA.Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Oscar G. Johnson VA Medical Center, Iron Mountain, MI, USA.
Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.Center for Mental Health Outcomes and Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, a virtual center, Houston, TX, USA.Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, a virtual center, Houston, TX, USA.
Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, a virtual center, Houston, TX, USA.Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
VHA Office of Rural Health, Veterans Rural Health Resource Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Developing Culturally Centered Outreach Materials for Rural Native Veterans.

Defective angiogenesis is a characteristic of many diseases, notably cancer and immune-mediated conditions. Numerous shortcomings in anti-angiogenic therapies, including undesirable effects, drug resistance, and cancer recurrence, encouraged the development of innovative medicines with improved anti-angiogenic efficacy. Indole analogues are thought to interact with the mitotic spindle, preventing malignant human cells from multiplying and invading. N'-(1-Benzyl-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-5-bromo-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide (N-5-BIC) represents one of these chemicals exhibiting remarkable anti-angiogenesis and anti-proliferation features. The study aimed to investigate the antiangiogenic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities of a carbohydrazide indole derivative, N-5-BIC. The ex vivo rat aorta ring (RAR), DPPH, and chick chorioallantois membrane (CAM) assays were employed to assess the N-5-BIC antiangiogenic and antioxidant activities. The MTT assay investigated the anti-proliferative activity in the human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) cell line. The VEGF gene expression level in the colon cancer (HCT116) cell line was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). N-5-BIC demonstrated a substantial and dose-dependent inhibition of blood vessel growth, resulting in an 87.37% reduction at a concentration of 100 μg/ml compared to the negative control (DMSO 1%) in the RAR assay. Additionally, N-5-BIC exhibited a significant decrease in DPPH free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 129.6 µg/ml. The in vivo CAM assay confirmed a significant regression in blood vessels compared to the negative control. Furthermore, N-5-BIC demonstrated low to non-toxic effects on the HUVEC cell line, with an IC50 value of 1681 μg/ml. The RT-PCR study revealed a significant reduction in VEGF gene expression at doses of 200 and 400 µg/ml as compared to control cells. N-5-BIC has resilient anti-angiogenic properties, which may be attributed to its extensive anti-proliferative and free radical neutralizing properties.
© 2025. The Society for In Vitro Biology.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
College of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, 51001, Babylon, Iraq. hayder80.ridha@gmail.com.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
College of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, 51001, Babylon, Iraq.
In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2025-03-06;():.
Inhibitory effects of carbohydrazide indole derivative on micro-blood vessel growth using ex vivo, in vivo, and in vitro assays.

Hookah smoking among young adults is a growing public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite its prevalence, comprehensive reviews evaluating theoretical frameworks used to study this behavior are lacking. This scoping review synthesized studies examining hookah smoking behaviors among young adults in LMICs. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and CINAHL using keywords such as Hookah OR Waterpipe OR Shisha, Adverse effects OR Harmful Effects, Young adults OR Adolescents, Theory, and Low-middle-income countries. Articles meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were screened using Covidence, and data on prevalence, predictors, and theoretical frameworks were extracted. The review included 28 studies involving 13,150 young adults with an average age of 19.2 years. Hookah use prevalence ranged from 2.6 to 89.4%, with a pooled prevalence of 26.4%. Frequently applied theoretical frameworks included the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), along with the Protection Motivation Theory and PRECEDE-PROCEED. Facilitators of hookah use included subjective norms, favorable attitudes, perceived low risk, environmental influences, and limited awareness of health risks. Protective factors included self-efficacy, perceived risks, awareness of harmful effects, and anti-smoking attitudes. Interventions based on TPB and SCT showed positive outcomes, though some failed, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive approaches. The findings emphasize the importance of education and policy measures targeting both individual and environmental factors to reduce hookah smoking prevalence and its associated risks in LMICs.
Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences Baylor University, One Bear Place 97343, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences Baylor University, One Bear Place 97343, Waco, TX, 76798, USA. matt_asare@baylor.edu.
Theoretical Perspectives on Hookah Smoking Behavior: A Scoping Review of Studies Among Young Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

The gut dysbiosis is associated with the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Probiotics have been demonstrated to impact disease progression via the gut-brain axis. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of Akkermansia Muciniphila Akk11 (Akk11) in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model. Our results indicated that Akk11 administration significantly improved the MPTP-induced behavioral abnormalities, reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons, microglia activation, reversed the production of inflammatory cytokines, and colonic damage. Mechanistic studies showed that Akk11 administration suppressed inflammatory responses by inhibiting microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In summary, Akk11 alleviated MPTP-induced motor deficits and neural damage by inhibiting microglial NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings suggest that Akk11 supplementation has therapeutic potential in treating PD through the gut-brain axis.
The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.The Research and Engineering Center of Xuzhou Neurodegenerative Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Biologics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
Department of Neurology, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. doctorqx0@126.com.
Department of Research and Development, Wecare Probiotics Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China. 897358884@qq.com.
Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. chxtang@xzhmu.edu.cn.The Research and Engineering Center of Xuzhou Neurodegenerative Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Biologics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. chxtang@xzhmu.edu.cn.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025-03-06;():.
Akkermansia muciniphila Akk11 Supplementation Attenuates MPTP-Induced Neurodegeneration by Inhibiting Microglial NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Mitochondria are a cell's powerhouse and also have a vital part in cellular processes. The emerging role of mitochondria in several crucial processes highlights their cellular and physiological importance. Mitochondrial homeostasis mechanisms, including proteostasis pathways, are vital for mitochondrial health. Failure of these processes has an important role in establishment of numerous complex disease conditions, such as neurodegeneration and imperfect ageing. However, details of mitochondrial impairments and their contribution to the pathology of neurodegeneration are poorly understood. This review systematically discusses the involvement of mitochondrial homeostasis mechanisms and their role in rejuvenating cellular health and fitness. We also focus on various cellular protein quality control mechanisms essential for mitochondrial proteostasis and how their failure leads to mitochondrial functional disturbances observed in disease conditions. We discuss recent findings based on mitostasis-associated chaperones, mitoproteases, and autophagy responses, which can lead to emergence of new possible therapeutic interventions against complex diseases.
© 2025 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2025 The Physiological Society.
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Simrol, India.
Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.
Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, India.
Bionanotechnology and Sustainable Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, India.
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
Mitochondrial proteostasis and cellular health: insights from chaperones and autophagy.

The delicate balance of the oral cavity is disrupted by changes in hygiene and diet, leading to caries. The virulence of Streptococcus mutans, a key caries pathogen, is partly explained by its rhamnose-glucose polysaccharide (RGP) and its sucrose-dependent and -independent adhesion mechanisms. Given their role in comorbidities, this study investigates the diversity of S. mutans through analysis of RGP and sucrose-independent adhesion proteins (SpaP, WapA, Cnm, Cbm) in Parkinson's disease patients. In the PARKIDENT clinical trial, strains were isolated from saliva samples of Parkinson's patients at baseline and during a follow-up visit. Strains were preanalyzed by multiplex PCR for serotype and collagen-binding proteins, followed by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis using RAST® and BLAST®. Phylogenetic analyses and protein modeling were also conducted. Of 40 patients in the Parkident clinical trial, only 24 had Streptococcus mutans strains isolable from salivary swabs. Serotyping revealed that over 80% of the 44 strains isolated were serotype c, in line with prevalence data in the literature. Furthermore, only SpaP types A and B were identified in the strains. The low variability observed for the WapA protein underlines its functional importance. Finally, the cbm gene was not found in any strain, and only 5 strains possessed the cnm gene, all of them serotype c. The study of these 44 Streptococcus mutans strains showed characteristics similar to other populations. Serotype c predominates, with minimal peptide sequence variability in adhesion proteins (SpaP, WapA). Collagen-binding proteins Cnm and Cbm are rare or absent. Further research is essential to better characterize strain distribution in the Parkinson's-affected population due to S. mutans' growing role in extra-oral pathologies. Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03827551, First submitted: 2019-01-25.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Society of The Nippon Dental University.
University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
University Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1366, OENO, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33000, Bordeaux, France. johan.samot@u-bordeaux.fr.University Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1366, OENO, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France. johan.samot@u-bordeaux.fr.Department of Oral Surgery, CHU Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France. johan.samot@u-bordeaux.fr.
Serotype and distribution of adhesion genes in Streptococcus mutans isolated from people with Parkinson's disease.

MRI acquisition and reconstruction research has transformed into a computation-driven field. As methods become more sophisticated, compute-heavy, and data-hungry, efforts to reproduce them become more difficult. While the computational MRI research community has made great leaps toward reproducible computational science, there are few tailored guidelines or standards for users to follow. In this review article, we develop a cookbook to facilitate reproducible research for MRI acquisition and reconstruction. Like any good cookbook, we list several recipes, each providing a basic standard on how to make computational MRI research reproducible. And like cooking, we show example flavours where reproducibility may fail due to under-specification. We structure the article, so that the cookbook itself serves as an example of reproducible research by providing sequence and reconstruction definitions as well as data to reproduce the experimental results in the figures. We also propose a community-driven effort to compile an evolving list of best practices for making computational MRI research reproducible.
Chandra Family Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, TX, USA. jtamir@utexas.edu.Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, TX, USA. jtamir@utexas.edu.Dell Medical School Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, TX, USA. jtamir@utexas.edu.
Institute of Biomedical Imaging, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/III, 8010, Graz, Austria.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, TX, USA.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200004, Haifa, Israel.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200004, Haifa, Israel.Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200004, Haifa, Israel.May-Blum-Dahl Technion Human MRI Research Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200004, Haifa, Israel.
Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.Artificial Intelligence in biomedical engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
MRI acquisition and reconstruction cookbook: recipes for reproducibility, served with real-world flavour.

Given the increased life expectancy, an increasing number of proximal femur fractures (PFFs) will occur in centenarian patients. In these patients, PFF has a serious impact on quality of life with high morbidity and mortality and an increase in total cost of care. Therefore, it is important to understand the surgical outcome for this group of patients defining preoperative risk factors.From January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020, 33 centenarian patients with PFF were treated with locked nail or hemiarthroplasty. Mortality risk factors were assessed. Several survival-related factors were evaluated using the log-rank test and univariate Cox regression statistical analysis for categorical and quantitative variables, respectively. Significative variables at the univariate analysis were included in the Cox multivariate model, using Backward Elimination technique. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests. Software STATA 17.0 was used for statistical analysis.Centenarians with femoral neck and pertrochanteric fracture were treated with hemiarthroplasty and locked nail, respectively. At the time of admission, only 21% had normal hemoglobin value. Postoperatively, a moderate anemia was observed in 45% of patients and a severe dementia was observed in 18%. In 85% of patients, Charlson Index was less than 3. At the time of admission, 30% of them were considered independent in walking and activity of daily living (ADL), but at discharge ambulation was worsened and none of them were independent in ADL at one month. Postoperative delirium was observed in 30% of patients preventing a complete rehabilitation program. One month after discharge 27% of patients were readmitted in hospital for complications. Mortality was 16%, 59%, and 66% at 1-6-12 months, respectively. At a multivariate evaluation, male, severe anemia and Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC) score < 3 at admission were the only variables statistically related to high risk of mortality.The anemia value was found to be related to mortality, and a quick restoration of these values is necessary. Geriatric and functional status scores, especially FAC score, are related to survival, providing an accurate prognosis. In our study, a high percentage of patients are unable to return to their pre-fracture level of independence. This suggests that the prognosis for centenarian patients with PFF may be as poor as previously thought.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli.
Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, 47121, Forli, FC, Italy. roberto.casadei@auslromagna.it.
Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, 47121, Forli, FC, Italy.
Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Mortality risk factor in centenarians with proximal femoral fractures.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been associated with significant physical and psychosocial burdens. Social determinants of health play a well-documented role in treatment and outcomes of various conditions, including AIS. As such, it is crucial to understand the multifaceted socioeconomic factors that may affect its prevalence and severity.A comprehensive search of major bibliographic databases such as Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted from inception to August 2024 for studies examining AIS in marginalized populations. Demographical and clinical outcomes data were extracted for quantitative and qualitative analyses.Our initial search identified 479 articles, of which 14 met the eligibility criteria. The mean age was 14.1 years, 76.8% were females, 59.6% were White, and 73.6% had private insurance. Black adolescents with AIS presented with more severe forms of the condition that necessitated surgical management. Furthermore, lower socioeconomic status, along with residence in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods and enrollment in public insurance programs, often contributed to delayed clinical presentation, more severe curves at initial presentation, and delayed treatment.This systematic review revealed disparities in the diagnosis and management of AIS based on race, ethnicity, language, insurance status, and socioeconomic status. These disparities highlight the urgent need for a multifaceted approach to improve equity in AIS care. Addressing these challenges requires systemic reforms targeted towards enhancing access and treatment for marginalized populations. Focused interventions should consider the unique social determinants that contribute to these disparities, ultimately promoting a more equitable healthcare system for all adolescents affected by idiopathic scoliosis.Level II.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Scoliosis Research Society.
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Department of Orthopedics, Brown University, 1 Kettle Point Avenue, East Providence, RI, 02914, USA.
Department of Orthopedics, Brown University, 1 Kettle Point Avenue, East Providence, RI, 02914, USA. alandanielsmd@gmail.com.
The impact of the social determinants of health on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review.

The intestinal mucus layer serves as a critical first line of defense against external agents, functioning as a barrier to the absorption of drugs, food, and pathogens. While numerous in vitro studies have explored the role of mucus in preventing particle penetration, the effects of flowing luminal material, dislodging of mucus because of induced shear rate by lumen material and interfacial phenomena remain poorly understood. This study introduces a microfluidic approach to simulate the interaction between flowing luminal material and the mucus layer. The approach successfully measures both particle penetration into the mucus layer and the rate of mucus dislodgement by flowing luminal material. A biosimilar mucus model (BSM) and Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) were employed as mimics of human intestinal mucus and luminal fluid, respectively. To investigate the effect of viscosity on the particle penetration pattern, two variants of the mucus model were used: BSM-1, representing a low-viscosity mucus model, and BSM-2, representing a high-viscosity mucus model. The velocity fields in the mucus and luminal material were extracted by tracking fluorescent particles. The results revealed significant differences between BSM-1 and BSM-2, attributed to their rheological properties. These findings were further confirmed through an assessment of the viscoelastic properties of the BSM models. The study utilized COMSOL Multiphysics for numerical simulations, successfully predicting experimental outcomes by solving fluid flow equations. Physicochemical characterizations of BSM and HBSS were performed to link the experimental results with numerical simulations, including flow sweep tests, the application of the power-law model for viscosity, and measurements of mucus density and wettability. This study proposes a microfluidic platform for examining mucus dislodgement and particle penetration in both low- and high-viscosity mucus models. The findings offer valuable insights into the intestinal mucus barrier's response to shear stress. The validated numerical approach and physicochemical characterizations provide a foundation for future studies on mucus dislodgement rates and penetration in more complex intestinal geometries and diverse flow conditions.
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.Department of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran.
Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. a.raoof@uu.nl.
Drug delivery and translational research
Innovative microfluidic model for investigating the intestinal mucus barrier: numerical and experimental perspectives.

Polymeric nanocapsules comprised of hydrophobic shells and hollow aqueous interiors are an extremely useful class of nanomaterial, particularly in the encapsulation and controlled delivery of hydrophilic cargo. Generally prepared via droplet or latex templation approaches, polymeric nanocapsules are mostly spherical. Controlling the morphology of hollow nanocapsules is an intriguing design challenge. Non-spherical, or elongated, templates are often inorganic materials which do not directly impart a hollow interior, and their post-polymerization removal is not straightforward. This study outlines a novel strategy for the preparation of elongated nanocapsules, wherein elongated liposomes are deployed as hollow templates. Initially, ciprofloxacin drug nanocrystals were utilized to facilitate the formation of elongated liposomes, followed by adsorption of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) oligomers. Subsequent chain-extension polymerization furnished the desired elongated nanocapsule morphology. This proof-of-concept study contributes towards the goal of elongated nanocapsule synthesis, a morphology which can impart improved circulation times in the field of drug delivery.
Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore.
Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University Clayton Campus, 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. Ben.Boyd@monash.edu.ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. Ben.Boyd@monash.edu.Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ben.Boyd@monash.edu.
Asymmetric nanocapsules via elongated liposome templated polymerization (ELTP) mediated by RAFT polymerization.

Inefficient and low-precision delivery of exogenous nucleic acids (ENA) severely limits gene therapy on ischemic stroke (IS). Two problems need to be urgently addressed to improve the efficacy of gene therapy; first, the blood brain barrier (BBB) should be open to promote the accumulation of ENA or genetic material carriers in the ischemic brain parenchyma, and second, the efficient delivery of ENA into the ischemic cells. Previous studies applied ultrasonic cavitation either for opening BBB or for inducing sonoporation to deliver genetic materials into cells. However, the effectiveness of the two-step ultrasonic cavitation to deliver ENA in the brain remains unclear, let alone the genetic materials to be controllably delivered into the ischemic brain parenchyma of the IS. This study systematically explored the BBB opening and ENA delivery by the two-step ultrasonic cavitation using artificial acoustic-cationic-polymeric-nanodroplets (ACPNs). The results demonstrated that the first focused ultrasound (FUS), set at parameters of 3.3 MPa, 20 Hz, 200 cycles and 5 s, stimulating intravascular ACPNs cavitation effectively opened BBB to allow nonactivated ACPN extravasation and accumulation into the ischemic brain parenchyma. Then, the extravascular ACPNs enhanced the second ultrasonic cavitation that noninvasively and efficiently controlled ENA delivery to the ischemic cells through sonoporation, particularly applying 3.3 MPa, 60 Hz, 200 cycles and 9 s to control FAM-eNA delivery, and 3.6 MPa, 20 Hz, 200 cycles and 7 s for pEGFP-C1 controlled delivery. Overall, the two-step ultrasonic cavitation represented a potential strategy for IS-targeted ENA controlled delivery.
National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. dongwei@xjtu.edu.cn.Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. dongwei@xjtu.edu.cn.
National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. mxwan@xjtu.edu.cn.
National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. lzf2568@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. yjzong@xjtu.edu.cn.Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. yjzong@xjtu.edu.cn.
Two-step ultrasonic cavitation controlled delivery of brain exogenous nucleic acids for ischemic stroke using acoustic-cationic-polymeric-nanodroplets.

Liver cirrhosis, marked by fibrosis and nodular regeneration, triggers a cascade of events resulting in portal hypertension (PH) and, subsequently, hepatic decompensation in its final stages. PH, arising from increased intrahepatic vascular resistance, serves as a harbinger of complications such as ascites, variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy, underscoring its clinical significance. Timely diagnosis of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) is of pivotal importance, prompting the exploration of noninvasive diagnostic tools such as liver stiffness and spleen stiffness measurement. β-blockers, particularly Carvedilol, emerge as stalwart therapeutic agents in managing CSPH by inducing splanchnic vasoconstriction and reducing cardiac output. However, choosing between β-blockers and endoscopic banding ligation (EBL) for variceal bleeding prophylaxis requires careful consideration, especially in decompensated cirrhosis cases. EBL, while effective in preventing variceal bleeding, has several drawbacks, ranging from its inability to effectively treat PH to its association with upper digestive tract complications such as portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and portal hypertensive polyps (PHPs). This narrative review aims to underline the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PH and to elucidate the relationship between PH, PHG, PHPs, and the use of EBL. This investigation emphasizes the urgency for further research aimed at devising optimal management strategies for PHG and PHPs, particularly in decompensated cirrhosis. Indeed, PH in cirrhotic patients requires a multifaceted approach encompassing early diagnosis, tailored therapeutic interventions, and ongoing research efforts aimed at refining treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes.
Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
Section of Gastroenterology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli, " Reggio Calabria, Italy.
Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy - l.abenavoli@unicz.it.
Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino). 2025-03-06;():.
Portal hypertension-associated gastric pathology: role of endoscopic banding ligation.

Economic Laws, Statistics, and the Distribution of Physicians.

Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, California.Department of Health Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Department of Health Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
This JAMA Forum discusses barriers to state public health efforts, the outlook for public health, and suggestions to help protect the public’s health in the coming years.
The Hard Road Ahead for State Public Health Departments.

Addiction Research Group, Lifespan Health Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy and Outcomes for Infants.

Center for Advanced Health Management, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond.
Disparities in End-of-Life Symptom Burden Linked to Complex Interplay Among Wealth, Health, and Social Support.

Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Changes in Respiratory Viral Testing Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Division of Mission and Spiritual Care, Advocate Children's Hospital-Park Ridge, Park Ridge, Illinois.
Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Division of Pediatric Palliative Care, Advocate Children's Hospital-Park Ridge, Park Ridge, Illinois.
In this narrative medicine essay, a mother, a palliative care physician, and a hospital chaplain describe a meeting discussing a young patient’s medical options for treating his rare brain tumor.

The impact of cannabis use on evidence-based posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment outcomes remains inconclusive. Further, few studies to date have examined these relationships in intensive PTSD treatment settings, with existing literature being similarly inconclusive. The present study assessed the role of cannabis use frequency prior to and concurrent with treatment on self-reported PTSD and depressive symptoms in two samples of veterans undergoing distinct (3-week and 2-week) Cognitive Processing Therapy-based intensive treatment programs (ITPs; N3-week = 488; N2-week = 253).Cannabis use frequency over the past 2 weeks was self-reported by veterans. PTSD and depression symptoms were assessed before, during, and following the ITP using the PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the effect of cannabis use frequency prior to and concurrent with treatment on PTSD and depressive symptom change over time.Individuals in the 3- and 2-week ITPs reported low rates of cannabis use prior to and concurrent with treatment. Across models, frequency of cannabis use was not significantly related to PTSD symptoms over time. Findings surrounding the impact of cannabis use on depressive symptom severity were only found in the 2-week ITP and not replicated in the 3-week ITP.Infrequent and/or recreational cannabis use frequency prior to or concurrent with treatment did not meaningfully impact intensive PTSD treatment outcomes. Findings associated with concurrent use need to be interpreted with caution due to the small subsample. Future research should explore whether more frequent cannabis use and the dosage differentially impact PTSD treatment outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center.
Carolyn A. and Peter S. Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine.
Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy
Impact of self-reported cannabis use on veterans' intensive PTSD treatment outcomes.

Young people are easily impulsive and influenced by their peers, so they lead to a high crash rate than adults when they consume alcohol. To forcibly prevent them from drunk driving is very important. Therefore, an in-vehicle system for preventing cheats in alcohol detection is innovatively designed according to the driving habits in China.In the system, the driver's safety belt, an air pressure sensor, and four pressure sensors are complementary to the alcohol detection. A methodology for calculating barycentric coordinates of the driver using pressure data on the driver's seat is derived using the theorem on moment of resultant force. The system is assembled, and experiments are carried out to determine critical parameter values and to verify the feasibility of the system.Control parameters of the system are set to be breath pressure, changes in bodyweight and barycentric coordinates of the driver, aiming to avoid cheating behaviors in the process of alcohol detecting and infringing personal privacy in a relatively cheap mean. Experimental results demonstrate that the system can run smoothly and reliably. It can effectively detect cheating behaviors and control the ignition circuit of the vehicle not to start when the driver consumes alcohol.Confronting the urgent demand to eradicate drunk driving, the system can effectively prevent these who neglect Road Traffic Law or are easily impulsive and influenced by their peers from drunk driving.
Department of Physics, Guanghua Cambridge International School, Shanghai, China.
School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
A privacy-preserving and low-cost system for preventing cheats in in-vehicle alcohol detection.

Like other first responders, many firefighters show signs of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that often go undiagnosed. Developing accessible, brief, and efficient screening tools may improve identification and service utilization. The most recent adaptation of the Primary Care PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (PCL-5; PC-PTSD-5 [0-20]) demonstrates promising screening performance among firefighters. Our study translated the PC-PTSD-5 [0-20] into Turkish and conducted validity and reliability analyses.The PC-PTSD-5 [0-20] was translated and culturally adapted into Turkish through forward translation, backward translation, and expert-led refinement. We conducted a pilot test with 30 firefighters, followed by carrying out the full study among (N = 215) firefighters from fire stations across all the districts of Istanbul. Participants in the full study completed the Turkish PC-PTSD-5 [0-20] and PCL-5, and we analyzed them for reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility.The Turkish PC-PTSD-5 [0-20] demonstrated favorable psychometric properties: acceptable internal consistency (α = .61); high test-retest reliability (r = 0.88, p < .001); and strong convergent validity with PCL-5 (r = 0.81, p < .001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.947 with an optimal cutoff score of 9 that balanced high accuracy (90.23%), sensitivity (82.86%), and specificity (91.67%), while PTSD prevalence was estimated at 16.3% in the sample.The Turkish PC-PTSD-5 [0-20] demonstrates strong psychometric properties, with high accuracy at a cutoff score of 9, and excellent diagnostic utility for screening PTSD among firefighters. Future research should explore its applicability to other first responder groups and predictive validity in longitudinal studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
Department of Civil Defense and Firefighting, Vocational School of Technical Science, Cerrahpasa University-Istanbul.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences.
Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth.
Screening for PTSD in first responders: Turkish adaptation and psychometric validation of the primary care PTSD screen for DSM-5.

The prevalence of COVID-19-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and insomnia remains high in Chinese adolescents. Existing research suggests strong links between them and the influence of internet addiction (IA) on their development. This study therefore examined a longitudinal network of these psychological symptoms and explored the influence of IA on them.Analyses included 811 adolescents (Mage = 14.65, SD = 1.77, 44.2% female), and measures were taken at two time points 2 months apart. A cross-lagged panel network model was used to construct a common network of PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and insomnia to estimate the longitudinal relationship between symptoms. Furthermore, networks of subgroups with different IA levels were compared.Suicidal ideation at T1 had the strongest predictive effect on other symptoms at T2. Insomnia had the strongest bridging effect, sustaining the coactivation of depression and PTSD symptoms. The similarity between symptom networks across different IA groups was low. However, hyperarousal was strongly predicted by other symptoms in both high and low-level IA groups, respectively.Findings emphasize the important roles of suicidal ideation and insomnia in the network of PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and insomnia in adolescents. This may make these symptoms a priority to be considered in interventions. Among adolescents with different levels of IA, the most central symptom varies, suggesting that intervention priorities should vary in groups with different levels of IA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
School of Psychology, Central China Normal University.
Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University.
The associations between PTSD symptom clusters, insomnia, and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents with low and high levels of internet addiction: A cross-lagged network analysis.

Sleep problems and disorders are associated with various health problems, such as heart disease and cancer. Black Americans report higher rates of poor sleep quality and health disorders than other racial and ethnic groups. Research suggests perceived racism can influence sleep difficulties; however, the mechanisms connecting racism to sleep difficulties are not fully understood. Rumination, a form of perseverative cognition in which individuals repeatedly focus on negative emotions and their causes and consequences, can affect sleep quality. This cross-sectional study examined whether brooding and reflection rumination explained the relation between perceived racism and sleep quality among Black American college students.Participants (n = 215), ranging in age from 18 to 53, completed The Schedule of Stressful Racist Events, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Ruminative Responses Scale.We found that perceived racism predicted both forms of rumination. Notably, however, only the brooding form of rumination was significantly associated with sleep quality, with higher levels predicting poorer sleep quality.Findings suggest that a particular form of rumination, when used as a coping response in the context of racism, may be associated with sleep difficulties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2025-03-06;():.
Examining the association between perceived racism and sleep quality: The mediating role of rumination.

Death by suicide is on the rise at an alarming rate for Black girls and women in the United States (Curtin & Hedegaard, 2019; Curtin et al., 2016). Despite the rise in suicide risk among this population, there is sparse research on the risk and protective factors for suicidality in Black women, and as a result, the population continues to remain underrepresented in the literature. The present study examined gendered racial microaggressions as a risk factor for suicide and investigated hope as a probable protective factor that may mitigate the impact of gendered racial microaggressions on suicide ideation in Black women.Participants (N = 270) who identified as African American/Black women were recruited for the study.A moderation analysis indicated a significant moderation effect of hope on the relationship between gendered racial microaggressions and suicide ideation.The present study contributes to the advancement of suicide research by examining suicide risk in the context of Black women's unique experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University.
Gendered racial microaggressions and suicidality in Black women: Hope as a moderator.

Prolymphocytic progression of splenic marginal zone lymphoma.

While loneliness has been robustly linked to many health outcomes, limited research has considered its relationship with posttraumatic stress. The evidence that does exist points to a complex and bidirectional relationship between loneliness and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the aftermath of trauma.We conducted a longitudinal study of 209 Australian adults who had experienced bushfire disaster, with three timepoints of data across 3 years. A path analytic model was used to assess the unfolding relationship between loneliness and PTSD symptoms over time, with covariates of age, gender, education, and household income.We found that loneliness was a key risk factor for worsening PTSD symptoms, which, in turn, predicted increasing loneliness. Specifically, those whose trauma exposure was more severe or who had background mental health risk reported worse loneliness and posttraumatic stress 12-18 months after the disaster (T1). Loneliness at T1 predicted greater PTSD symptoms at T2 (∼3 years postdisaster). Furthermore, T2 PTSD symptoms predicted greater loneliness at T3 (∼4 years postdisaster). The model explained 39% of the variance in T2 PTSD symptoms and 41% of the variance in T3 loneliness.These results speak to the importance of early response efforts that encourage collective recovery and community engagement in disaster management. This may support the long-term goal of preventing the onset of harmful cycles of loneliness and PTSD in the wake of traumatic experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University.
Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University.
Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, University of Melbourne.
School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia.
UNSW School of Built Environment, University of New South Wales.
UNSW Institute for Climate Risk and Response, University of New South Wales.
Is trauma isolating, or does isolation traumatize? Loneliness and posttraumatic stress mutually reinforce one another in the aftermath of environmental disaster.

Prior studies have demonstrated a robust link between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and suicide attempts among military personnel; however, to our knowledge, no study has examined PTSD in relation to indices of suicide attempt seriousness. Accounting for the multifaceted nature of suicide attempts is especially important for service members who often face unique stressors and are at increased risk for severe outcomes, including death.Using secondary analyses of data collected for a large assessment study, we examined the connection between PTSD symptoms and seriousness of suicide attempts in psychiatrically hospitalized service members referred to inpatient care following a suicide attempt (N = 121). We used a modified version of the PTSD Checklist-Military Version and the Suicide Intent Scale to assess PTSD symptoms and suicide attempt seriousness, respectively.Our findings demonstrated that higher PTSD symptom total and cluster scores were associated with an increased seriousness of suicide attempts.Our results indicate the need for intervention programs targeting PTSD symptoms among service members, including interventions delivered in inpatient psychiatric settings, to reduce the risk of fatal self-harm. Implications for mental health professionals and military support systems to mitigate suicide risk through targeted interventions focused on PTSD symptoms are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
Center for COMBAT Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine.
Department of Psychology, Florida State University.
PTSD symptoms and indices of suicide attempt seriousness among military service members psychiatrically hospitalized for a suicide attempt.

ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma expressing CD33 and myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen.

Racism plays a deleterious role in Black Americans' mental health, yet little is known about the mechanisms through which racism may confer risk to mental health outcomes. One hypothesized yet untested mechanism through which racism may lead to negative mental health is increased attention bias to threat. Even less is known about individual difference factors that may exacerbate or ameliorate racism's effects, such as anxiety or racial identity.To address this gap in the literature, 214 Black adults were recruited online for an experimental study. Participants were randomly assigned to one (out of two) stress conditions: experimental, where they reflected on a racism experience (n = 102), or control, where they reflected on a nonracism stressor (n = 112). They also completed measures of general anxiety and racial centrality. Attention bias to threat was assessed using a dot-probe task, which compares reaction time to threat (i.e., angry) versus neutral faces.Although there was no overarching effect of racism exposure on general or Black-specific attention bias, there was a significant effect of racism on attention bias toward White angry faces such that those in the racism condition demonstrated lower bias than those in the control stress condition (t = -2.06, p = .04). Importantly, the effect of the racism manipulation depended on participants' level of anxiety and racial centrality.These unexpected results suggest that exposure to racism may lead to an avoidant attentional bias away from White threatening faces but that this process may be contingent on trait anxiety and racial centrality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville.
Department of Psychology, Spelman College.
Does exposure to race-related stress lead to attention biases? Examining the moderating roles of anxiety and racial identity among Black adults.

This study aimed to examine the associations between cognition, skin tone, and stress in a heterogeneous sample of Puerto Rican adults.Participants included 1,502 Puerto Ricans from the first wave of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the associations between skin tone groups, stressful life events (i.e., perceived discrimination and number of adverse life events), perceived stress, allostatic load, and cognition.The model fit examining the relationship between stress and cognition was excellent even after introducing covariates. When considering skin tone, model fit was also acceptable. Greater allostatic load predicted lower levels of cognition in the overall sample and in individuals with darker skin tones. Higher levels of perceived stress predicted lower levels of cognition in the overall sample and all skin tone groups except in individuals with white skin tones. Stressful events significantly predicted cognition in the overall sample.Results provide evidence of an interaction in which the relationship between stress and cognition differs across skin tone groups, even within an ethnic group. This suggests a modifying role of intersecting identities (e.g., ethnicity by skin tone) in understanding health outcomes. Additional research with a robust, diverse sample of Hispanic/Latin Americans is needed to continue examining the heterogeneity of heritage groups across various health outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
Department of Psychology, University of Houston.
Department of Hispanic and Latin American Studies, University of Houston.
Center for Population Health, College of Fine Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell.
The role of stress, perceived discrimination, and skin tone on cognitive performance in Puerto Rican adults.

Timely and accurate return of viral load (VL) results to adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) is essential for early detection of adherence challenges and treatment failure. Our cross-sectional study evaluated VL data of ALHIV, ages 15-19 years, enrolled in six care facilities in Kiambu and Nakuru Counties in Kenya. We summarized the proportion of results available in both the electronic medical record (EMR) and the national database. Modified Poisson regression models assessed the relationship between ALHIV characteristics and knowledge of VL results. Of 20% (n = 207) of the charts that were randomly selected, 86% (n = 179) matched the national database source; however, 7% (n = 14) of VL results were missing from the clinic-EMR, and 8% (n = 17) were incongruent between the national database and EMR. Only half (52%) of the surveyed ALHIV (n = 132) reported receiving their last VL result, with older ALHIV more likely to receive VL results than younger (Prevalence ratio: 1.46, p = .02). Missing or incorrect data records suggest gaps need to be addressed in addition to increasing the proportion of ALHIV who receive accurate VL results to optimize care and management.
Copyright © 2025 Association of Nurses in AIDS Care.
Deepa Oja, PhD, MSN, FNP-C, RN, is a Post-Doctoral Scholar, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.Alvin Onyango, BSN, is a Researcher, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, and Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.Cyrus Mugo, PhD, MPH, MBChB, is a Senior Research Scientist, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.Irene Njuguna, PhD, MPH, MBChB, is an Affiliate Assistant Professor, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, and is a Research Scientist, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.Dalton Wamalwa, MMED, MPH, is an Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.Molly R. Altman, PhD, MPH, CNM, is an Associate Professor, Nancy Atmospera-Walch School of Nursing, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.Jillian Pintye, PhD, MPH, RN, is an Associate Professor, Department of Global Health and Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, Washington, USA.Grace John-Stewart, PhD, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Department of Global Health, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine-Allergy and Infectious Disease, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.Pamela Kohler, PhD, MPH, RN, is a Professor, Department of Global Health, and Department of Child, Family, and Population Health, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2025-03-06;():.
Do Adolescents Living With HIV in Kenya Know Their Viral Load Results? Record Audit and Adolescent Exit Surveys in Kiambu and Nakuru Counties: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study evaluated the T1 enhancement of the 2 iron-based contrast agents (IBCAs), [Fe(trans-tCDTA)]+ and [Fe(trans-Di-tCDTA)], in blood and other organs compared with a gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) in DCE-MRI, as well as their in vitro toxicity and the stability of the IBCAs compared to [Fe-(tCDTA)]-.Iron(III) chelates of trans-tCDTA and trans-Di-tCDTA were synthesized and characterized. The T1 relaxivity of IBCAs and gadobutrol was measured at 3T using human whole blood samples. In vitro toxicity was assessed by cytotoxicity of IBCAs and gadobutrol against BRL-3A using MTT viability assays. Kinetic stability was evaluated spectrophotometrically using a zinc stress test (2.5 mM ZnCl2). The T1 contrast in mice was measured using a dynamic T1-weighted gradient-echo sequence. DCE-MRI was performed with 0.17 mmol/kg or 0.35 mmol/kg [Fe(trans-tCDTA)]+, 0.1 mmol/kg [Fe(trans-Di-tCDTA)], and 0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol. DCE time curves in different organs were evaluated using a 2-phase exponential decay function.[Fe(trans-tCDTA)]+ and [Fe(trans-Di-tCDTA)] showed T1 relaxivities in human whole blood at 3T comparable to gadobutrol. No significant differences in short-term cytotoxicity were found between gadobutrol and iron chelates. [Fe(trans-Di-tCDTA)] had a higher kinetic stability than [Fe-(tCDTA)]-, and [Fe(trans-tCDTA)]+ had a lower stability in the presence of zinc chloride and phosphate. [Fe(trans-tCDTA)]+ showed lower relative blood enhancement at 0.17 mmol/kg (P = 0.0025) but comparable at 0.35 mmol/kg (P = 0.4739) versus gadobutrol at 0.1 mmol/kg. [Fe(trans-Di-tCDTA)] showed a similar enhancement to gadobutrol at 0.1 mmol/kg (P = 0.5238). Max relative enhancement (RE%) were 131.0 ± 18.0, 93.6 ± 9.4, 144.0 ± 15.4, and 143.2 ± 12.3; blood half-lives (rapid phase/slow phase) were 2.3/15.0 minutes, 1.5/59.7 minutes, 1.9/177.1 minutes, and 1.5/27.5 minutes for gadobutrol, [Fe(trans-tCDTA)]+ at 0.17 mmol/kg or 0.35 mmol/kg, and [Fe(trans-Di-tCDTA)].[Fe(trans-Di-tCDTA)] provided comparable contrast enhancement and kinetics to gadobutrol at the same molecular dose (double the metal dose), is very stable, and could serve as an alternative to nonspecific GBCA, thereby avoiding potential long-term gadolinium toxicity and retention concerns as well as environmental gadolinium deposition. [Fe(trans-tCDTA)]+ required a higher dose and showed delayed clearance in blood and other organs.
From the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Radiologie Berlin, Germany.
Comparison of Iron(III)-Trans-1,4-Diaminocyclohexane-tCDTA and Iron(III)-Trans-1,4-Diaminocyclohexane-tCDTA-Dimer With Gadobutrol for T1 Contrast Enhancement in DCE-MRI.

Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA.
Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.Section of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Associations between Blood DNA Methylation and Histopathological Features in Lupus Nephritis.

To evaluate the risk of retinal vasculitis and related adverse events (AEs) among five commercially available anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents using data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).A retrospective pharmacovigilance study was conducted using FAERS data from Q1 2004 to Q4 2024. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were categorized using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA), with Retinal Vasculitis as the primary outcome and Uveitis and Vitritis as secondary outcomes. Disproportionality analysis was performed using ranibizumab as the reference drug. Logistic regression identified associations between demographic factors and ADRs. The analysis included only reports linking a single drug to the ADR and was limited to patients aged ≥18 years.Out of 49,114 initial reports 45,768 met the inclusion criteria. Retinal vasculitis was reported in 314 cases (0.7%), vitritis in 689 cases (1.5%), and uveitis in 1,344 cases (2.9%). Older age (OR 1.012; p = 0.045) and female sex (OR 1.747; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with retinal vasculitis. All agents showed higher odds of uveitis and retinal vasculitis compared to ranibizumab, with brolucizumab having the highest reporting odds ratio (ROR) for retinal vasculitis (331.61). Aflibercept 8 mg showed a significantly higher ROR (62.8) for retinal vasculitis compared to the 2 mg dose (3.82).This study identified a safety signal indicating a possible increased risk of retinal vasculitis with aflibercept 8 mg compared to the conventional 2 mg dose. This finding requires confirmation through future postmarketing studies.
Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Increased Risk of Retinal Vasculitis May Be Associated with Aflibercept 8 mg: A Pharmacovigilance Analysis of the FAERS Database.